آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار

how crises are represented in elementary and high school textbooks through content analysis method. In the first step, the basic concepts related to this topic, were extracted from Iranian and international scientific and legal documents deductively. Then, 68 extracted concepts were put into 12 categories and were sent to the field experts in the form of a questionnaire.The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was computed.88 with Cronbach's Alpha. The extracted categorieswere again offered to some field experts and validated. Based on confirmed categories, the content of textbooks (28 titles) and teacher's guidebooks (12 titles) were analyzed. The results of analyzing the textbooks show that the main focus is first on the issue of crisisology and the consequences of crises, and second, on preventive actions which encompass%80 of the content. The remainder of the related content was concerned with other topics; the contribution of the content that focused on resiliency and recovery is less than other concepts.The comparison of the weights allocated by the experts and the weights gained from the textbooks analysis was made by Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests; in both tests, a meaningful difference was observed.

Because of the rising energy prices and the spread of environmental crises; today, societies need to purposive education for Sustainable Development of the Environment (SDE). Therefore, it seems that universities, as the organizations for teaching, are suitable to be chosen as the starting point for environmental protection. Hence Green Universities (GU) can play an important role in the SDE through education for environmental awareness and the use of Green Information Technology (GIT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of GIT Acceptance in the relationship between GU and SDE. The study is categorized as applied research in terms of purpose and designed as a descriptive correlational study in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the research included the staff of the science and research branch of Azad University in the year 2018, from which 168 people were selected according to Cochran’s formula by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed to be convergent and consistent, and the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the data, the SPSS 25 software was used for the inferential statistics, and the LISREL8.8 software was used to fit the path. The results showed that the dimensions of GU had a positive and significant relationship with acceptance of GIT and SDE. Also, GIT, as a mediator variable, generated a positive relationship between the dimensions of GU and SDE.

Climate resilience is referred to the social ability in the event of impulses and environmental degradation in pursuit of activities towards goals. Sustainability is established through adaptability and evolution. This will make communities less likely to witness large-scale emigration and the emergence of environmental asylum phenomena as a response to environmental hazards. The climate resilience thinking, in the context of modern urban ecology, enables the integration of human and ecological factors and understanding of the interactions between them, develops sustainability strategies with respect to identification of interactions. An important discussion about upgrading resilience is paying attention to the participation of the people and the civil society, and it is also necessary to educate people about the environment. Therefore, the present research was aimed at investigating the direct role of environmental education in climate resilience and its effect on environmental asylum phenomena using a descriptive method of documentary analysis. The findings of the research suggested that sustainable development and ultimately, climate resilience will be achieved when environmental information is disseminated among people and through the participation of people in preserving the community. The importance of this issue has not been neglected from the point of view of international law, and several international documents have also been dedicated to this issue. Since the occurrence and evolution of climate resilience and as a result the sustainable development of countries depends on environmental education as the main pillar of each society, it is necessary to take measures in order to increase the environmental awareness of the people.  

This research is a survey and exploratory study to present a conceptual model for the sustainable development of Iran based on social entrepreneurship. Its approach for conceptual modeling is based on Path Analysis through Multiple Regression Method. The study has benefited from five questionnaires (four for the Delphi Method’s rounds and another for the conceptual modeling itself). The statistical population of conceptual modeling section includes three public organizations of Iran: "State Welfare Organization ," "Department of Environment ," and "Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare ," which reflect the pivotal SD concepts of society, environment, and hence social economy, respectively. After setting a conceptual framework, the preliminary conceptual model was formed accordingly. Each path on the model was equal to a hypothesis. Finally, a statistically significant SD-based conceptual model of social entrepreneurship, which passed goodness-of-fit by Coefficient of Determination ( R² ) was presented.

Our aim in this research is to design a model for children TV education with a cognitive approach to environmental education. People are bombarded by information in the media age, and this subjection to various news has made the learning process hard. Especially because a part of this sort of education is done by these media. The public education whose addressees are the public is done by mass media. As in schools' official education, using cognitive science approach toward education increases the efficiency of education, finding the shaping characteristics of cognitive education on TV can improve the long-distance education, and greatly develop access to children living in villages and remote areas deprived of access to high-quality education. Considering the exploratory and multi-dimensionality aspect of this research, we have used experts from different disciplines (like psychology, communication, and education) by implementing focus groups qualitative research method. The result of our  research in this study shows how the benefit of knowing the characteristics of children's cognitive development in visual and audio fields, and also utilizing the principles of cognitive education in drawing attention, analyzing and solving problems can have a longer-term effect on cognitive distance education so that children can have better and more lasting learning about environmental issues, and so that the location limitations may not delay the vital education about environmental issues to remote areas. 

Today the importance of the environment is a global issue. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation with environmental behavior through descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of first-grade high school students in district 2 of Tehran, among which 380 were randomly selected. Three questionnaires were used to collect data: Spreitzer psychological empowerment (1995), Patrick & Leone intrinsic motivation (2009) and Erzengin & Teke environmental behavior (2013). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression showed that among the components of psychological empowerment there was a significant relationship between the components of sense of meaning, sense of competence and sense of efficacy with environmental behavior but the component of the sense of choice was not significant. The overall relation between two variables (psychological empowerment and environmental behavior) was also significant. Among components of intrinsic motivation, interest and pleasures components, sense of effort, sense of powerfulness and utilization also had a significant relationship with environmental behavior, but there was no significant relationship between the sensitization components. The overall relation between two variables (intrinsic motivation and environmental behavior) was also significant

Air pollution in different cities of the world is a complex mixture of toxic components, including particulate matter (PM), mainly produced by combustion processes. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to investigate the relationship between air pollutants and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in Mashhad. To this end, the data on mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in 2012-2013 were obtained from Razavi Khorasan Health Organization. The mean daily concentration of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), PM with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM₁₀), and PM_2.5 was calculated. The results of data analysis showed that there was a relationship between PM₁₀ concentration and the rate of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in men. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between PM₁₀ concentration and the rate of mortality from respiratory diseases in both men and women. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between PM_2.5 concentration and the rate of mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in both men and women. There was also a significant relationship between CO concentration and the rate of mortality from respiratory diseases in women. The results demonstrated that PM_2.5 has the greatest effect on mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases. The study findings were reported within the context of environmental communication by using the media tools to raise public awareness of the adverse effects of pollutants.

Sustainability and resiliency analysis of cities is not completed without considering the whole system of interacting sectors. The purpose of this study is to introduce an algorithm for assessment of overall seismic resiliency increase of urban areas due to the reduction of Intra- and Interdependencies between different sectors and retrofitting infrastructures. The proposed method is versatile, and different dimensions of resiliency, i.e., social, economic, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions of resiliency are considered in the study. In this research, the technical dimension, i.e., the functionality of water and power networks are modeled as an example, and some solutions to increase overall resiliency of an urban district against earthquake is investigated. The algorithm is based on the inoperability input-output model, and the interaction between water and power sectors in a metropolitan district is surveyed. Based on the results of a number of Monte Carlo simulations of different dependency scenarios, it is quantitatively shown that the decrease in interdependency has a direct and great effect on the increase in serviceability and overall resiliency indices, but the pattern of this effect is different between various earthquake scenarios. It is concluded that the reduction of interdependency has an increasing effect on the overall resiliency index. Thus, an optimum value for interdependency reduction can be obtained to increase resiliency index using the Pareto principle, and the influence of reducing of interdependency on increasing the resiliency of a region as a whole is investigated. The proposed model may be used in system analysis for other dependent sectors and for different disasters and can also be considered as a helpful measure for decision-makers in sustainability and resiliency enhancement studies.

The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the role of self efficacy and social tendencies in green purchase intention and behavior. This study is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection method. In this study, the statistical population includes all consumers of organic products supplied at Ofogh  Koorosh chain  stores  (OKCS), including Talavang eggs and organic disposable tableware. Therefore, 384 questionnaires were collected. These questionnaires were distributed by stratified probability sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Then, using structural equation modeling using Lisrel software was used to analyze data. According to the results of investigating the research hypotheses, social tendencies, self-efficacy and consumer attitude play a role in green purchase intention, and the role of environmental knowledge in consumer attitudes has been shown. And, finally, green purchase intention has played a role in green purchase behavior. Therefore, environmental knowledge has a significant effect on green purchase behavior through consumer attitudes and purchase intention.