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Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) impose a heavy burden on individuals, organizations, and governments.Aim: The purpose of this study was to provide information about WMSDs and working posture. This information can be helpful in designing preventive programs.Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. 207 subjects participated in this study. For WMSDs investigation and postural assessment during work, Nordic Questionnaire and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method were used, respectively. Gathered data from research variables measurement analyzed using Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. A p value of equal or less than 0.05 took into account to be statistically significant.Results: The most prevalent work–related musculoskeletal disorder was found in lower back region, the percentage for large, medium and small ships staff was 58%, 61.7% and 45.1%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between WMSDs in neck (P=0.001), hands and wrists (P=0.02), back (P=0.04) and knees (P=0.001) and used ship by staff. A higher proportion of level four corrective action, was found in small ship staff.Conclusion: WMSDs are prevalent among staff of all ships. WMSDs are more prevalent in lower back. Also, immediate change in posture and investigation is more necessary in small ship staff.

The present study intends to extend the current ancillary understanding horizons of the developmental theory of individual-differences relationship-based (DIR) framework and emotioncy framework, to investigate aspects of emotioncy tensions that include identity-related attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs by providing "what-to-do" information when enacting identity tensions. Through validating the Student Identity Emotioncy Tension Scale (SIETS), the researchers suggested that social identities are also associated with specific emotional tensions by providing "what-to-feel" information during identity enactment. To do so, a total number of 300 students filled out the scale. In the validation process, statistical procedures were exerted to validate the scale. First, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to ascertain the underlying factors. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Communalities were checked for the relevance of component variance. Cronbach’s coefficient was used to check the reliability of the 18 items. The results indicated that the scale can be best explained by a three-factor solution with an acceptable reliability. In the qualitative phase of cognitive interviews, students were interviewed to further examine the quality of the items. In the end, the findings were elucidated and implications for future research and practice were presented.

Purpose : The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the structural model of open data governance in line with the health of the administrative system in e-government in government organizations. Method : This research, with a practical purpose, was based on a descriptive survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included the managers of the country's tax affairs organization and several university professors, all of whom (18 person) were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. Findings : The results of the research show that the structural model of open data governance in the direction of administrative health in e-government at governmental organizations includes six components: platforms (with the dimensions of intra-organizational platforms and external platforms), strategies (with the dimensions of common strategies—internal and external—, intra-organizational strategies, and extra-organizational strategies), intervening conditions (with common dimensions—internal and external), causal category (with dimensions of internal-external organizational factors, individual and social factors), central category, and consequences (with common dimensions—internal and external). Conclusion : Intra-organizational and extra-organizational platforms have a positive and significant effect on common strategies. The strategies of this research have a positive and significant effect on the results. The impact of intervening conditions on the central category is positive and significant. The effect of the causal category of this research, including individual factors and social factors, on the central category, is negative and significant because the regression coefficient has become negative. The impact of the central category on strategies has become negative, but this impact is not significant.