درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.

The main idea of IoT is to connect several objects to each other through Internet. In the field of Computer Network the main problem identified by researchers is network congestion. Now a day’s network congestion is increasing very rapidly because IoT connect a huge number of devices to internet. A transport layer protocol TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is accountable for network congestion control. The behavior of TCP is not stable as it takes long time to fill the available capacity of the network. It also continuously keeps assessing the capacity of data transmission through increasing the limits.TCP drops its data transmission rate aggressively when packets are dropped, which significantly reduces the throughput. This paper suggests a new approach, stable transmission control protocol for IoT applications. The experimental results show that stable transmission control protocol achieves better performance in terms of goodput.

Despite all blockchain's advantages, it has experienced some challenges and disadvantages. Identifying these challenges and minimizing them are important steps in advancing the goals of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the challenges of using blockchain technology in international markets with regard to the risks of such newfound technologies. This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of methodology. The effective factors in using blockchain technology have been discovered by the meta-synthesis method at first; then the ranking of these factors has been done by the fuzzy pairwise comparison. A systematic search was performed in the database of Science Direct, Emerald, and Google Scholar. Also, the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) was applied. All the related articles and the challenges of using blockchain in international markets were identified and coded. The comparison method between the two coders was used to adjust the reliability and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the two codes. The findings of the extracted sources were finally proposed and 41 challenges were classified into 6 categories of technical, educational, structural, market, infrastructure and legal which divided in both internal and external areas.

Limited energy capacity, physical distance between two nodes and the stochastic link quality are the major parameters in the selection of routing path in the internet of things network. To alleviate the problem of stochastic link quality as channel gain reinforcement based Q-learning energy balanced routing is presented in this paper. Using above mentioned parameter an optimization problem has been formulated termed as reward or utility of network. Further, formulated optimization problem converted into Markov decision problem (MDP) and their state, value, action and reward function are described. Finally, a QRL algorithm is presented and their time complexity is analyses. To show the effectiveness of proposed QRL algorithm extensive simulation is performed in terms of convergence property, energy consumption, residual energy and reward with respect to state-of-art-algorithms.

People are used to exploring grayscale images in their family albums but it is difficult to grasp the reality without colours. Luckily, with advancements in Machine Learning it has been possible to solve problems previously thought impossible. The authors aim to automatically colourize grayscale images using a subset of Machine Learning called Deep Learning. The system will be trained on an image dataset and given an input grayscale image the model will be able to assign aesthetically believable colours. A grayscale photograph has been provided; our approach solves the problem of visualizing a reasonable colour version of the grayscale picture. This issue is undoubtedly under controlled; therefore earlier methods to this problem have either counted majorly on user interaction or it leads to in unsaturated colourizations. The authors put forward a completely automatic approach that will try to produce realistic and vibrant colourizations as much as possible. The proposed system has been applied as a feed-forward in a Convolutional Neural Network and has been trained on over twenty thousand colour images currently.

Falls are a serious concern among the elderly people, causing severe physical pain to them and placing a strain on medical infrastructure. The global elderly population is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, as advances in healthcare allow lifespans to increase globally. This will bring more chances for falls to occur. With this in mind, there is a need for new research to be conducted on finding ways to reduce this problem. One area which shows promise is the use of Machine Learning to perform fall detection. Machine Learning is a rapidly growing field, and it has many applications in various fields such as finance, technology and medicine. When it comes to fall detection, Machine Learning systems are often able to detect falls much better and efficiently than a human can, given the same input data. The goal of this paper is to conduct a survey study on the main and most common machine learning algorithms implemented in the field of early fall detection for elderly people and the characteristics. The paper will discuss the different types of fall detection systems, algorithms, tools, datasets, applications, and challenges.  By conducting this research, a better understanding of the context, progress and trends in the field will be possible so that future research will have a guide to build upon.

This paper surveys recent publications on maritime logistics with a focus on blockchain capabilities. Maritime logistics plays an important role in global trade and an important part of the global economy depends on it. The growth of world trade has led to the creation of various systems that are prone to error and fraud, the current supply chain needs to connect and trust many intermediaries which not only increase abuse and errors but also it will increase cost and time in the chain. Hence, transparency and stability are highly demanded. On the other hand, with the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, a new approach called “blockchain” was introduced which can have very important applications in maritime logistics. As this novel technology is in its early stages of development, its applications in maritime logistics have not been specifically investigated. So, this paper takes a deep dive into blockchain technology capabilities for maritime logistics by reviewing relevant scientific journal papers since 2014. The paper also discusses and challenges the current operational paradigms and by categorizing efforts, provides a taxonomy of research topics in maritime logistics. Finally, the paper in addition to presenting challenges, identifies new avenues for academic research based on current trends and development.

Android malware is one of the most dangerous threats on the Internet.  It has been on the rise for several years.  As a result, it has impacted many applications such as healthcare, banking, transportation, government, e-commerce, etc.  One of the most growing attacks is on Android systems due to its use in many devices worldwide.  De-spite significant efforts in detecting and classifying Android malware, there is still a long way to improve the detection process and the classification performance.  There is a necessity to provide a basic understanding of the behavior displayed by the most common Android malware categories and families.  Hence, understand the distinct ob-jective of malware after identifying their family and category.  This paper proposes an effective systematic and functional parallel machine-learning model for the dynamic detection of Android malware categories and families.  Standard machine learning classifiers are implemented to analyze a massive malware dataset with 14 major mal-ware categories and 180 prominent malware families of the CCCS-CIC-AndMal2020 on dynamic layers to detect Android malware categories and families.  The paper ex-periments with many machine learning algorithms and compares the proposed model with the most recent related work.  The results indicate more than 96 % accuracy for Android Malware Category detection and more than 99% for Android Malware family detection overperforming the current related methods.  The proposed model offers a highly accurate method for dynamic analysis of Android malware that cuts down the time required to analyze smartphone malware.

This study compared the performance of the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and the robust partial least squares -structural equation modelling (RPLS-SEM) methods through Winsorisation approach The inputs and the outputs used in this model were based on the electricity generation data, derived from the Al-Zawiya Steam Power Plant, Libya. Furthermore, the researchers compared the novel RPLS-SEM approach with the traditional PLS-SEM approach and noted that the novel RPLS-SEM method was more efficient compared to PLS-SEM.

Security is one of the most important aspects of data transmission. To provide controlled access to the network, user authorization and authentication are often used with the help of an AAA server. RADIUS servers provide users with access to data, user authentication, and configuration information. When designing networks with such access control method implementation, it is necessary to understand how the characteristics of the communication channel affect the switching time of IP-TV channels, and therefore the overall quality of IP-TV services. The principles of the main protocols for IP-TV using a RADIUS server are described. The main parameters of the communication channel were identified. The mathematical model and the graphs demonstrate how IP-TV service access time depends on telecommunication channel parameters. The results of a practical experiment are presented to prove the formed mathematical model. The results of a practical experiment and theoretical calculation are compared.

The purpose of the present study is to present a model for the use of the Internet of Things in Iranian knowledge-based companies. From a purpose point of view, this research can be classified as applied research and in terms of data collection, it can be categorized as a qualitative and quantitative study. The main approach for achieving the model of using the Internet of Things is the grounded theory methodology which is based on a paradigmatic model. The research population for the qualitative phase is comprised of 25 executives and practitioners of knowledge-based companies who are somehow specialized in Internet of Things topics. The sample of this study was selected using the snowball sampling method and Cochran's formula for finite communities among all the managers and technology experts working in knowledge-based companies. After careful analysis of the interviews, 59 extracted concepts were identified in 5 main categories and 13 subcategories. Management requirements, customer requirements, and resistance economics give rise to the Internet of Things in knowledge-based companies.  The characteristics of the company, the characteristics of the human resources and the characteristics of the managers can provide a suitable ground for using the Internet of Things. And the conditions in the country, international pressures and international cooperation can be among the intermediary factors influencing the use of the Internet of Things. Raw materials and infrastructure can also be effective strategies for using the Internet of Things. Using the Internet of Things, customer-related factors, international collaborations, and expected results can be expected in knowledge-based companies.

According to Gartner’s Hype Cycle, gamification is poised for large-scale adoption in the coming years. The construct of gamification has received considerable interest, especially in the context of learning. Over the past five years, research in the area has grown. The current study looks at consolidating the conducted research and attempts to provide a snapshot of the work carried out in the last five years. The chosen studies have explored the role of gamification in learning activities and have attempted to provide empirical evidence to support gamified learning. The purpose of the study is to review existing literature, in terms of the outcomes, outcome variables, context of the study, and research methodology used. This would not only add to the knowledge in the field but would also guide future research. Additionally, practitioners would benefit from a consolidated view of five years of research into the practice of gamification.

To ensure the continuity of the training activity within the framework of the specific precau-tions for the Covid 19 health crisis , the regional centers for training and education profes-sions, such as universities and schools, have radically reversed their training strategy, from face-to-face training to alternating training mode known as `` hybrid training mode '', the training of which is provided remotely one week and face-to-face during the following week and vice versa. In this sense, digital platforms of social networks and videoconferencing soft-ware have been mobilized to succeed in the mission of trainers.  The objective of this article is to verify the contribution of videoconferencing software '' on training practices on the one hand and on the development of trainees' skills on the other hand, in order to trace a training methodology based on technological choices aimed at guar-anteeing maximum socio-professional performance. Finally, we confirm that despite the satisfaction of the majority of trainees 87% with respect to the advantages of videoconferencing tools in the process of assessing skills, technical, spa-tiotemporal and organizational disparities were noted among trainers compared to the use of digital tools in the evaluation (only 53% agree), or also in relation to the transition from one technological choice to another. 

The introduction of information technology in the structure of procedural legal relations contributes to the full implementation of the principles of procedural law and optimization of civil proceedings. The purpose of this study is to develop scientifically sound proposals and recommendations for the latest concept of optimization of civil justice by means of information technology. The study of the impact of information technology in civil proceedings was conducted on the basis of integrated use of general and special methods of scientific knowledge. The optimization of civil proceedings as a system of theoretical ideas and views on civil procedural activity from the standpoint of means, methods and techniques of its improvement is considered. The basic elements of the latest concept are the provisions of the general methodological basis for studying the problem of optimization, the concept and structural characteristics of optimization, civil jurisdiction in terms of optimization and ensuring the right to due process, optimization of procedures for preparation and trial of civil cases, cassation in the system of instance review of court decisions. It has proved that the search for a harmonious combination of protective and conciliatory functions of civil proceedings, as a characteristic concept of modern procedural systems, determines the main directions of optimizing the preparation of civil cases for trial. It has established that in the reform of the judiciary of Ukraine it is important not only to digitize existing processes. The most important thing is to change the approach to justice itself, making it simpler and more accessible to all with the help of information technology. In this sense, the introduction of affordable online court involves not only the introduction of innovative technologies, but also the revision and significant simplification of procedural rules.