گونه شناسی کیفی نگرش به ازدواج در میان دانشجویان مجرد دانشگاه های اصفهان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ازدواج یک قرارداد اجتماعی سامان بخش نهاد خانواده و ضرورتی اجتناب ناپذیر برای بازتولید و تداوم این نهاد و انسجام جامعه محسوب می شود و نگرش به آن، تحولات بنیادینی در جامعه ایرانی داشته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف گونه شناسی نگرش دانشجویان به ازدواج، با رویکرد کیفی مبتنی بر فهم نظری تلفیقی و با روش تحلیل محتوا انجام شده است. میدان پژوهش، دانشگاه های شهر اصفهان اند و افراد مطالعه شده با شیوه نمونه گیری هدفمند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری، 30 نفر از دانشجویان مجرد مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی در این دانشگاه ها هستند. داده های پژوهش ازطریق مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته جمع آوری و با استفاده از تکنیک کدگذاری تجزیه وتحلیل شده اند. براساس یافته ها، نگرش دانشجویان به پدیده ازدواج در دو چارچوب کلی ساختاری و ایده ای، در قالب چند گونه اصلی شامل سوژ گی (نگرش ساختارگرایانه و عاملیت گرایانه)، موقعیتی (نگرش رادیکال و عقلانیت محور) و پیامدی (نگرش تجارت محور و کارکردگرایانه) صورت بندی شده است. بررسی این سنخ ها نشان می دهد وضعیت و شرایط جامعه در حال گذار ایرانی، به گونه ای است که هم زمان از سوی جوانان، شاهد نگرش های مختلف و متعارضی به ازدواج هستیم که در راستای تغییر، نیازمند طیفی از اقدامات متمایز است. هریک از سنخ های نگرشی، رفتارهای متفاوتی را در پی دارد و سیاست گذاری در راستای بهبود وضعیت ازدواج ازطریق تقویت نگرش کارکردگرایانه، که ازدواج را پاسخی امن و رشدیافته به نیازهای عاطفی، جنسی و ارتباطی انسان می داند، و نیز اقناع نگرش عقلانیت محور با ایجاد زمینه های اقتصادی، قانونی و اجتماعی تسهیل ازدواج، پیشنهاد می شود. در این راستا می توان از الگوهای یادگیری، شناختی و کارکردی، در فرایند تغییر نگرش و سپس رفتار ازدواج بهره برد.Qualitative Typology of Attitude towards Marriage among Unmarried Students of Isfahan Universities
IntroductionMarriage as a social contract is considered to organize the family institution and an inevitable necessity for reproduction of the family institution and cohesion of the society. At present, with the change of societies, we are witnessing a change in the values of marriage and a tendency towards individualized marriages, a kind of non-traditional form of joint life among people. In other words, it can be concluded that in the new world, there are mostly human actors, who regulate the state of the marriage phenomenon and its forms and formation. In Iran, we are also witnessing changes in attitudes and forms of marriage, lack of importance and priority of marriage in life, increasing age of marriage or prolonging period of celibacy, formation of sexual relationships outside of marriage area, etc, all of which represent the low desire to get married and start a family in the traditional sense of it in some ways in the Iranian and Islamic tradition and culture, an issue that can disrupt normal functioning of the family institution in the long run. Based on an interpretative approach with an in-depth look, the current research sought to identify, analyze, and interpret the main types of students' attitudes towards the phenomenon of marriage by entering the mental world of Isfahan university students. Based on this, the main goal of this qualitative research was identifying the typology of attitudes towards marriage based on the definition and interpretation of Isfahan university students. Materials & MethodsThe current research was done by taking a qualitative approach and using the qualitative content analysis. Qualitative content analysis is a research method for subjective interpretation of text data through the processes of systematic classification, as well as coding and designing patterns. The qualitative content analysis approach used in this research was the conventional approach. This approach is often suitable when the existing theories or research literature about the studied phenomenon are limited. In fact, in this case, the researcher avoids using preconceived categories and instead arranges for the categories to emerge from the data. The current research field was the city of Isfahan and national universities of this city, including Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Technology, and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The participants or people under study included single students of all educational levels and different fields of study in the mentioned universities. 30 people were selected and studied by using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection technique in this study was based on a semi-structured in-depth interview. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The analysis of Isfahan University students’ views showed that there were 7 different attitudes towards marriage among them: structuralist attitude, agent-oriented attitude, radical attitude, rationality-oriented attitude, business-oriented attitude, and functionalist attitude. Each type of attitude had led to different behaviors. The attitude based on agency in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which did not exist in the traditional society. The agent-oriented attitude in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which also did not exist in the traditional society. The students, who liked agency in marriage, generally considered themselves to be modern subjects, who had passed the value and normative systems of the traditional society. However, the students, who accepted the structural view in marriage still considered themselves committed to the value systems and norms of the traditional society. The students, who had a rationality-oriented attitude, considered their personal, economic, and cultural conditions as the central factors in marriage and its definition. Those, who had a radical attitude towards marriage, considered marriage to be an existential and essential necessity so that every human being must marry in order to logically respond to his/her emotional and sexual needs. On the other hand, there were radicals, who believed that marriage was not necessary and even in some cases, marriage was considered a negative and destructive phenomenon in human life. In the business-oriented attitude, marriage had become a business, according to which families and individuals sought to obtain the most economic benefit from marriage. On the other hand, another group of students emphasized the functions of marriage, specifically the positive functions. They believed that marriage, despite economic issues and problems, strengthened people's personalities, mental systems, and social status. It even had positive economic consequences for people.
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