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چکیده

جعفر فسایی* نجمه دری** چکیده ماتریالیسم در معنای هگلی- مارکسی آن، از بدو مطرح شدن در ایران واکنش های بی سابقه ای به ویژه در میان روحانیت برانگیخت. مرتضی مطهری ازجمله نخستین افرادی بود که با درک اهمیت و حساسیت این مفهوم و تبعات ناشی از آن در فضای فکری جامعه، ضرورت مسلّم توجه بدان را دریافت، به نحوی که توانست در تقابل و جبهه گیری در برابر آن، بخشی از جامعه و به خصوص روحانیت را به اجماع نسبی برساند. اینکه در این کارزار، نقش و عملکرد میراث ادبیات فارسی به چه نحو و با چه کیفیتی بوده است، پرسش اصلی و مهم پژوهش حاضر است. برای رسیدن به پاسخ این پرسش، مجموعه آثار مرتضی مطهری را از این منظر خاص، موردتحلیل و بررسی محتوایی قرار داده ایم. نتایج حاصل از دریافت و تشریح این آثار نشان می دهد که ادبیات در کارزار الهیات و ماتریالیسم یا جهان بینی توحیدی و جهان بینی مادی، به مثابه ی ابزاری کارآمد و مؤثر، ایفای نقش کرده است. حافظ شیرازی، مولاناجلال الدین بلخی، حکیم خیام نیشابوری و سعدی شیرازی ازجمله برجسته ترین چهره های ادب فارسی و فرهنگ ایرانی هستند که در این نزاع تعیین کننده یعنی تقابل میان جهان بینی توحیدی و جهان بینی مادی فراخوانده شده و هریک نقش مشخصی را ایفا کرده اند. بر این اساس مطهری خوانشی غیرمادی را از شعر و اندیشه ی حافظ ارائه داده و درحقیقت این خوانش عکس العملی در برابر مفسّران ماتریالیست با محوریت احمد شاملو بوده است. ازطرفی در آثار مطهری، شعر و اندیشه ی مولانا و سعدی نیز درجهت بسط و تقویت ایده ی الهی یا جهان بینی توحیدی، به منظور تضعیف هرچه بیشتر گفتمان های ماتریالیستی به کار رفته است. درنهایت مطهری خیام نیشابوری را در یک فرمول ماتریالیستی می نهد و از رهگذر شعر و اندیشه ی او، تقابل با ماتریالیسم را دنبال می کند. حاصل جمع این آرا، بخشی از عملکرد ادبیات فارسی در مناسبات اجتماعی و سیاسی معاصر را نمایان می کند. * دانش آموخته دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی jfasaei@yahoo.com (نویسنده ی مسئول) ** دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ndorri@modares.ac.ir تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 3/7/1400 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 24/12/1400

Religious narrative of literature in contrast with materialism (Relying on the opinions of Morteza Motahhari)

Jafar Fasaei[1]* Graduate PH.D Persian Language and Literature, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran Najmeh Dorri Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Introduction Materialism, in its Hegelian-Marxist sense, provoked unprecedented reactions specifically among the clergies since its inception in Iran. Morteza Motahhari was one of the first people who understood the importance and sensitivity of this concept and its consequences in the intellectual condition of the society as well as the indisputable necessity of paying attention to it. Therefore, he could bring a part of society, especially the clergies, to an approximate consensus in its confrontation against it. The central question in this campaign is what the role and function of Persian literary heritage has been, and the present study has dealt with it. Research methodology, background and purpose This study has been done in the framework of qualitative content analysis using library resources. Researchers have always considered Motahhari's thoughts and works as one of the most prominent and influential contemporary characters. As a result, some prominent works have been done about materialism in Motahhari's thought. Shaverdi and Kermani (2011) in their article, titled "Analysis and critique of Hegel's dialectical movement and dialectical materialism with emphasis on the views of Shahid Motahari", have dealt with the difference between the concept of movement in Islamic philosophy and Marxism from Motahhari's point of view. Another important work in this regard is Mohammad Sadra's thesis, titeled "The interaction between clergies and Leftist thoughts in contemporary Iran", which deals with Motahhari's efforts against materialism in the third chapter. It should be noted that there is very little research which examines Motahhari's thoughts and works in relation to literature. For example, Mousapour and Shirjooposht (2014) in a dissertation titled "Arabic literature in the works of professor Morteza Motahari" has examined the position of Arabic language and literature in some of Morteza Motahari's works. Also, Tijani Semari (2007) in his thesis "Foundations of mysticism from the Perspective of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Motahhari", has partly approached literary discussions with Morteza Motahhari in accordant with the link between mysticism and literature. Rahmdel (2012) in the article "A brief look at the Observer of Secrets" has addressed Motahhari's views on Hafez's poetry and thoughts. Hosseinzadeh Yazdi (2016) has explained the causes of the degeneration of Islamic civilization from the perspective of Morteza Motahari with an emphasis on the book Anecdotes of pious men. Fasai and Dorri (2020), in the article "The Position and Function of Saadi's poetry and thought in the intellectual System of Morteza Motahari", have searched for Saadi Shirazi's poetry and thought in Motahhari's intellectual system. Thus, like the approach of present study, no independent research was found which examined the role and function of Persian literature in Motahari's exposure to materialism. The main importance of this article is due to indicate the undeniable and important position of Persian literature in the socio-political environment of contemporary Iran. Discussion Motahhari is one of the people who has a special interest in applying literary traditions. Meanwhile, the position of Persian literature in Motahhari's struggle against materialism is very prominent and significant. This issue refers more than anything to the latent capacities in Persian literature which can be present in the most sensitive historical moments and play its social function. In the following, referring to some of the most well-known figures of the Persian literary tradition, it will be clear how and with what quality Motahhari used their poetry and ideas to describe and interpret the monotheistic worldview and in contrast to the material one. Conclus

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