بررسی حکایت و منظومه ی بلوچی «باگین بَشکرد» و مقایسه ی آن با حکایت امیرنصر سامانی و قصیده ی «بوی جوی مولیان» رودکی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
داستان سرایی در ادبیات ایرانی سابقه ی دیرینی دارد و در این میان، اقوام ایرانی به ویژه بلوچ ها جایگاه خاصی دارند. ازجمله داستان های مشهور در ادبیات بلوچی، ماجرای برانگیختن سیَدخان برای دیدار و وصال محبوب در هجران، به وسیله ی شاعر بلوچ، ابراهیمِ راسکی، است که شباهت زیادی به حکایت برانگیختن امیرنصر سامانی به وسیله ی رودکی برای بازگشت به بخارا دارد. ابراهیم راسکی سراینده ی منظومه ی «باگین بَشکرد» از شاعران برجسته ی ادبیات بلوچی در اواخر قرن سیزدهم هجری است. این منظومه سراسر در وصف دلدار و اسب خان و مسیر راهی است که خان آن را می پیماید. ابراهیم با منظومه ی خود، خان را برانگیخت تا به سرعت برای دیدار و وصال دلدار به شهر او برود و این منظومه ازاین جهت، با بوی جوی مولیان رودکی قابل تطبیق است. رودکی قصیده ی بوی جوی مولیان را در قرن سوم و ابراهیم راسکی منظومه ی باگین بَشکرد را در قرن سیزدهم هجری قمری سروده اند. این پژوهش به روش توصیفی و تحلیل محتوا انجام شده است و نشان می دهد که سرایندگان دو منظومه در توصیف مناظر و شخصیت ها و مسیر راه مهارت خاصی داشته اند. هدف اصلی تحقیق، معرفی داستان گمنام سیدخان و فاطمه و بیان همانندی های آن با حکایت امیر نصر و قصیده ی بوی جوی مولیان رودکی است. خنیاگران بزرگ، نسل به نسل عامل ماندگاری منظومه ی باگین بشکرد بوده اند و آوازخوانان معاصر همچنان این منظومه را در مجالس بزم و موسیقی می خوانند. * دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار ajehandideh@yahoo.com تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 17/10/1400 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 27/1/1401A study of the Balochi tale and poem of "Bagin Bashkard" and its comparison with the ode of "Boye Joye Moliyan" by Roudaki
Introduction Poem and singing have been two integral parts of Iranian culture, poets and singers have been from the elite class of the king's court and they had played an important role in many large courts of the kings and their gatherings. Poem and singing have been very important in the literature of Baloch nation and the effect of these two arts is narrated in different narrations. One of these narrations is the story of Sayadhān and his wife "Fatemeh Bashkardi", and its comparison with the story of Amir Nasr Samani and the ballade "Joye Molian" from Roudaki is the main aim of the present research. Aims, method and history of the research The method of the research is a field method in the Bagin baškard story and poem. The author has derived the poem from minstrels' songs, and has derived its story from narrators, and after collecting, a comparative study is done with story of Amir Nasr Samani and the ballade "Boye Joye Molian" from Roudaki using the analytical descriptive method. The main aim of the present research is to introduce the anonymous story of Sayadhān and Fatemeh and state its similarities with the story of Amir Nasr and the ballade "Boye Joye Molian" from Roudaki. No research is conducted on Balochi story and poem" Bagin baškard". Its summary is published by Fakeer Shad cited by the minstrels in the book "Miraas" (2016, Pakistan). Discussion and examination Sayad Khan Son of Hossein Khan was one of Makoran powerful Khans in the same period as Qajar dynasty, and Fatemeh was one of noblewomen in Bashkard region. After meeting each other, they fall in love and after being engaged, they are separated from each other. One year later, Fatemeh becomes restless because of being far from her husband, and sends a messenger with presents to Ibrahim Raski to help her husband comes back home. At dawn, Ibrahim writes the famous poem "Bagin baškard". He gives his poem to a minstrel with a nice voice known as "Abdolrahim" to sing it in Khan's gathering using harp. Khan's gathering began and as usual, poem reading and music playing decorated the gathering. The minstrel started singing Ibrahim's poem very sweetly. Sayadhān liked poems and was impressed as he found out about the issue and he immediately rode on his horse to Bashkard without letting his gathering end. Finally, he reached Fatemeh and Ibrahim received precious presents in return for his poem. The story of Sayadhān being provoked by Baloch poet "Ibrahim Raski" to meet and reach his beloved is very similar to the story of Amir Nasr Samani being provoked by Roudaki to go back to Bokhara. This poem describes the beloved and Khan's horse and the road passed by Khan. This poem matches "Boye Joye Molian" from Roudaki in this respect. According to the narration by Nezami Arouzi in the book "Chahar Maghaleh", Nasr Ibn Ahmad Samani once left Bokhara city to Harat and Badghis to spend the summer and for recreation. The king found that it had a nice weather and stayed there for four years and he wanted to stay there more. Because his armies suffered from being far from their family and city, they became upset and went to Roudaki and asked him to make the king leave the city in return for giving him valuable presents. Roudaki accepted and wrote a ballade and it was sung for the king together with harp. Amir Nasr Samani was impressed by Roudaki's poem so much that he immediately rode on his horse to Bokhara, and the armies gifted Roudaki two times what they had promised, i.e. 10,000 Derhams. These two stories and poems are similar in some way, such as: 1. Roudaki is the father of Persian poem, and Ibrahim is one of the greatest Balochi classic poets and both of them were great poets of their time. 2. The court of Nasr Ibn Ahmad Samani was the center of poem and literature and this king was interested in poem and music. Sayad Khan was also interested in poem and Balochi literature. 3. Both Roudaki and Ibrahim made a king go to the place he was expected to go using the poem tool.
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