طراحی مدل کارآفرینی زنان مبتنی بر راه اندازی کسب وکارهای الکترونیکی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از این تحقیق، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر کارآفرینی زنان مبتنی بر راه اندازی کسب و کارهای الکترونیکی و در نهایت ارائه الگو در این زمینه است. این پژوهش از نوع اکتشافی و با رویکرد کیفی و با بکارگیری استراتژی نظریه داده بنیاد اجرا شد. جامعه مورد پژوهش شامل کارآفرینان زن فعال در شبکه های اجتماعی بودند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بوده و به منظور گردآوری داده ها با به کارگیری روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، 17 نفر از زنان کارآفرین در کسب وکارهای الکترونیکی انتخاب شدندکه در مصاحبه چهاردهم اشباع نظری حاصل شد. برای اطمینان از روایی و پایایی داده ها بررسی های لازم شامل اعتبارپذیری، انتقال پذیری، تاییدپذیری و اطمینان پذیری صورت گرفت. سپس کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی با استفاده از نرم افزار MAXQDA10 انجام گرفت. نتایج پژوهش منجر به شناسایی 291 شاخص و 31 مقوله فرعی و 12 مقوله اصلی شد که در قالب مدل پاردایمی شامل کارآفرینی الکترونیکی زنان به عنوان مقوله محوری و عوامل علّی (عوامل خانوادگی و عوامل فناورانه)؛ عوامل زمینه ای (عوامل اجتماعی_فرهنگی، عوامل قانونی، عوامل اقتصادی و آموزش)؛ شرایط مداخله گر (عوامل فردی)؛ راهبردها (تدوین برنامه بازاریابی، طراحی ارزش پیشنهادی و رفع موانع کسب و کار) و پیامدها (رشد کسب و کار الکترونیکی) عوامل موثر بر کارآفرینی زنان برای راه اندازی کسب وکارهای الکترونیکی را انعکاس می دهند. این نتایج گویای آن است که کارآفرینان زن باید برای رشد و توسعه کسب و کار الکترونیکی خود راهبردهایی مانند تدوین برنامه بازاریابی، طراحی ارزش پیشنهادی و رفع موانع فردی و محیطی کسب و کار را مورد توجه قرار دهندDesigning a women’s entrepreneurship model based on starting e-business
The purpose of this study is to identify and explore the factors affecting women's entrepreneurship based on starting e-businesses and ultimately provide a model in this area. This research was an exploratory type with a qualitative approach and using the strategy of Grounded theory. The research community consisted of female entrepreneurs active in social networks. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and to collect data using the purposive sampling method, 17 women entrepreneurs in e-businesses were selected in the fourteenth interview. To ensure the validity and reliability criteria of the research, necessary studies including validity, transferability, verification and reliability were performed. Data analysis was performed in three stages open coding, axial coding and selective coding using MAXQDA10 software. The results of the study led to the identification of 291 indicators and 31 sub-categories and 12 main categories in the form of a paradigm model including women entrepreneurship as a central category and causal factors (family factors and technological factors); Underlying factors (socio-cultural factors, legal factors, economic factors and education); Interfering conditions (individual factors); Strategies (marketing plan, value proposition design and removing business barriers) and outcomes (e-business growth) reflect the factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship to start e-businesses. These results suggest that female entrepreneurs should consider strategies for the growth and development of their e-businesses, such as developing a marketing plan, designing a value proposition and removing individual and environmental barriers to the business. Women’s Entrepreneurship , Electronic Businesses, Social Entrepreneurship , Family Support, Data Theory Foundation . Introduction Entrepreneurship is an integral and key part of economic development. It is the engine of transformation and development of economy, culture and society in many developed and developing countries and entrepreneurs as superstars, play a vital role in the consistent growth and national development of their countries. They are always looking for new contexts and technologies to reveal their capabilities and start new businesses. The electronic environment is one of the most useful environments for entrepreneurship. It has a lot of capabilities in creating various types of business in different sectors. Internet and social networks not only create opportunities for existing businesses but also create great opportunities for new entrepreneurs like women who wish to start a business. Methodology This research was an exploratory type with a qualitative approach and using the strategy of Grounded theory. The research community consisted of female entrepreneurs active in social networks. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and to collect data using the purposive sampling method, 17 women entrepreneurs in e-businesses operating on the Internet were selected, in the fourteenth interview, theoretical saturation was obtained and additional confirmation interviews were conducted with three more experts active in e-business who had a doctorate. To ensure the validity and reliability criteria of the research, necessary studies including validity, transferability, verification and reliability were performed. Data analysis was performed in three stages open coding, axial coding and selective coding using MAXQDA10 software. For this purpose, information was recorded during the interviews and then translated into text for analysis in the software. then based on data coding, it has been tried to explore the relationship between them and analyze the similarities and differences in each category and then create new concepts and finally introduce a model of women entrepreneurship based on triggering electronic businesses. Findings In the present study, 291 open codes were identified from 425 concepts that describe family factors, technological factors, socio-cultural factors, training, legal factors, marketing planning, value proposition design, removing business barriers and growing e-business. The frequency of sub-criteria related to each category showed from the category of family factors, perspective index and emotional support of family and friends; From the category of technological factors, information and communication technology index; From the women entrepreneurship, index of necessity and importance of women entrepreneurship; From the economic factors, price index and cost; From the category of socio-cultural factors, index of cultural factors (customer orientation);From the education category, self-education index; From the category of legal factors, index of familiarity with legal instructions; From the category of individual factors, index of non-psychological characteristics; From the marketing plan development category, price index; From the value proposition design category, innovation index; From the business barriers removal category, individual business barriers removal index; From the category of e-business growth, the index of e-business success, has the highest repetition. Result Based on the findings of this research and paradigmatic model, the results of coding show that family and technological factors can be influenced by the effective causal conditions of women in the setup of e-businesses. Guidelines that female entrepreneurs need to consider for their e-business development and development include the formulation of the marketing plan, the design of the proposed value, and removing individual and environmental barriers, contextual conditions of economic, cultural-social, legal and education factors; Interfering conditions, individual factors (psychological characteristics and non-psychological); Implication and results, e-business growth were extracted. These results can help entrepreneur women to set up their e-businesses as well as policymakers to have better plans and supports for them.
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