مدل سازی پیشران های تأثیرگذار بر تحرک اجتماعی بین نسلی زنان شهر دهلران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی پیشران های تأثیرگذار بر تحرک اجتماعی بین نسلی در میان زنان شهر دهلران است. روش اجرای پژوهش پیمایشی و ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه زنان شهر دهلران می باشد، که حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران به تعداد 373 نفر تعیین شد. از لحاظ زمانی این پژوهش در سال 1399 1398 اجرا شده است. شاخص های روایی و پایایی بخش مدل اندازه گیری مدل نشان می دهند که مدل از برازش خوبی برخوردار است. نتایج مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری تأثیر متغیر سرمایه اجتماعی، مصرف رسانه ای، تقدیرگرایی، کلیشه های جنسیتی و احساس عدالت اجتماعی را بر تحرک اجتماعی بین نسلی زنان را تأیید کرده است. همچنین نتایج نشان می دهد متغیر مصرف رسانه ای بیشترین تأثیر را بر متغیر تحرک اجتماعی بین نسلی دارد و در مرتبه بعد متغیرهای تقدیرگرایی، کلیشه های جنسیتی، احساس عدالت اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی قرار دارند. درنهایت این که متغیرهای پژوهش توانسته اند 5/29 درصد از تغییرات متغیر تحرک اجتماعی بین نسلی را تبیین کنند.Modelling Drivers Affecting Intergenerational Social Mobility of Women in Dehloran City
This article aims to investigate the predictors affecting intergenerational social mobility among women in Dehloran city. The method of this research is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all women in Dehloran city. The samples included 373 women who were selected using Cochran's formula. In terms of time, this research was conducted in 2019-2020. Research instruments include the standard scale of social capital by Goshal and Nahapiet (1998), Lotfi's Destiny Scale (2008), Hezar Jaribi's Social Justice Scale (2011), Foroutan's Gender Stereotypes Scale (2016) and a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the intergenerational social mobility and media consumption. The validity and reliability indices of the model measurement section show that the model has a desirable goodness of fit. The results of structural equation modelling have also confirmed the effect of the variables of social capital, media consumption, destiny, gender stereotypes and the sense of social justice on the intergenerational social mobility of women. The results of the study indicate that the media consumption variable has the greatest impact on intergenerational social mobility, then, variables of destiny, gender stereotypes, sense of social justice and social capital are ranked. Also, research variables were able to explain 30.9% of the intergenerational social mobility changes. Intergenerational Social Mobility, Media Consumption, Feeling of Social Justice, Gender Stereotypes. . Introduction Today, one of the most important criteria for measuring the level of development in a country is the status and prestige of women. Women not only play an important role in achieving social and political development but also due to their active and constructive role in society, they can accelerate the process of economic development and increase the social justice level (Kalantari & Ghaemi Zadeh, 2003). In a sense, paying attention to the women in society is a main requirement for achieving sustainable development. Therefore, paying attention to women's social mobility is essential (Suleiman Pour Omran & Shirazi, 2017: 110). If mobility opportunities are available to individuals within a society, they will be able to achieve their desired and worthy position by acquiring the necessary expertise, skills and qualifications. While in a closed system, people's effort and acquired characteristics such as education and training have no role since there is no possibility of promotion and mobility (Masoumi Rad & Naebi, 2015:104). In complex societies, changes in social mobility rates mainly depend on changes in job and educational structures (Luke&Munshi, 2011:2). By having a job, women can potentially increase their power in the family, as well as change the probable opportunities of their children in the future (LuKe&Munshi, 2011:1). Despite the women's participation benefits for the promotion of a society, the employment statistics in Iran show that gender discrimination leads to the marginal position of women in the labour market (Rafatkhah &Khairkhah, 2013:131), and inequality of opportunity persists (Muller&Pollak, 2015:3). Also, it makes it impossible to make good use of the capabilities of women. Although the research on intergenerational social mobility has placed great emphasis on men, in recent years more attention has been paid to patterns of mobility among women. In Iran, due to the weakness of sociological research conducted in the past, which has paid more attention to men, the issue of intergenerational social mobility of women, especially in Dehloran city and its related factors has received less attention. Disregarding the underlying factors of intergenerational social mobility of women in Dehloran city, multilevel empowerment, enjoying social opportunities, social justice, hope for future careers, life satisfaction and in a sense, economic and social development indicators will face some challenges. Accordingly, the present study intends to investigate the effect of social capital, media consumption, destiny, gender stereotypes, and the feeling of social justice on the intergenerational social mobility of women in Dehloran city. Methodology This article aims to model the predictors affecting the intergenerational social mobility of women in Dehloran city. The method of this research is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study includes all women in Dehloran city. They were 20311 women from whom 373 women were selected using a Cochran formula. In terms of time, this research was conducted in 2019-2020. Findings The results of structural equation modelling have also confirmed the effect of the variables of social capital, media consumption, destiny, gender stereotypes and the sense of social justice on the intergenerational social mobility of women. The results of the study showed that the variable of media consumption has the greatest impact on intergenerational social mobility and then the variables of destiny, gender stereotypes, sense of social justice and social capital are ranked. Also, research variables were able to explain 29.5% of the intergenerational social mobility changes. Result Social mobility is one of the most important topics in sociology that explains the system of stratification, social change, and the process of sustainable development, the determination of the inequality rate, injustice and also identification of discrimination patterns. In this study, we have examined the effect of social capital, media consumption, destiny, gender stereotypes and the sense of social justice on the intergenerational social mobility of women in Dehloran were studied. The results of the present study showed that an increasing rate of social capital among the respondents leads to high intergenerational social mobility. This finding is consistent with the results of Amini Kho (2017), Lin and Huang (2005) and Arup Mitra (2007). Therefore, the more women have mutual understanding, trust, cooperation, commitment and close relationship, their social mobility will be at a higher level. In the theory of social capital, Coleman also considers the family as a source of benefits that are achieved through membership in networks and groups. The findings of the present study also showed that the structure of media consumption, compared to other variables, has a greater impact on the intergenerational social mobility of women. That is, the higher the media consumption of the respondents, the higher the intergenerational social mobility among them. The results of this study are consistent with Amini Kho (2017). In this regard, Gerbner (1960) believes that the duration of people's membership in virtual social networks affects user preferences; when the membership period is longer, the effect will be more than ever. According to the research findings, the effect of the determinism variable on the intergenerational social mobility variable was significant (Sig= -0.320). That is, if the respondents have more tendency towards density, their intergenerational social mobility of them will decrease.
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