مطالب

INTRODUCTION: Women represent half of the world's population and play a crucial, yet often unrecognized in disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, and social resilience. Their involvement in caregiving, informal leadership, and crisis response, especially in a disaster-prone country like Iran, has a significant impact on community recovery and long-term development. However, socio-cultural barriers often limit their formal participation in disaster management processes. METHOD: This narrative review employed a descriptive-analytical approach supported by a systematic literature search. A total of 20 key articles were selected from both Persian and English academic databases, including Magiran, Noormags, Civilica, ISC, SID, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2024 that addressed women’s roles in disaster management and sustainable development within Iran or comparable contexts. FINDINGS: The analysis reveals that women in Iran play essential roles in environmental sustainability, psychological recovery, and community rebuilding in the aftermath of disasters. Despite their critical informal contributions, structural challenges—such as limited access to education, healthcare, leadership positions, and disaster preparedness resources—continue to hinder their involvement in formal Disaster Risk Management (DRM). The findings highlight the effectiveness of grassroots efforts led by women and the need for institutional support to enhance their impact. CONCLUSION: According to the results, there is an urgent need for gender-sensitive disaster response policies that recognize and empower women as active agents of change. Involving women in disaster planning and response through targeted education, community participation, and legal reforms will not only reduce vulnerabilities but also advance sustainable development and societal resilience in Iran.

Introduction: Ethics is an effective means for living better; therefore, learning it is essential to human life. With the emergence of new technologies, this matter has acquired new dimensions. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain students’ lived experiences of media in maintaining ethics. Material and Methods: The research employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of high school students in Lahore city. Using purposive sampling and following theoretical saturation, 40 students were selected as participants. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis (open coding). Results: From the set of conducted interviews, after transcription, data analysis, and the removal of redundant codes, eighty conceptual codes were obtained and categorized into six main themes. Conclusion: The results indicate that students have gained numerous positive and negative experiences through their interaction with media, which have left lasting effects on their ethics, behavior, and personality.

This article provides an overview of the ongoing debate on evaluation within the field of urban planning. It begins with a state-of-the-art review that is organized into three interrelated parts. The first examines the historical evolution of evaluation theories and methods, highlighting how approaches have shifted from traditional cost–benefit analysis and rational models toward more complex, participatory, and context-sensitive frameworks. The second part addresses the contemporary planning debate, which is shaped by diverse paradigms such as communicative planning, collaborative governance, and sustainability-oriented strategies. Special emphasis is placed on the practice of evaluation in planning, with particular reference to Public Participation in Planning (PPIP) and Participatory Planning Review (PPR) as mechanisms that attempt to bridge technical expertise with local knowledge and community priorities. the second section of the article turns to the application of these methods across different planning systems, with a particular focus on the Iranian context. Here, the discussion critically evaluates the reliance on positivist theories in the preparation of detailed plans, questioning both their relevance and their limitations in addressing contemporary urban challenges. Through an extensive review of literature and case-based evidence, the study identifies the key strengths and weaknesses associated with the preparation and implementation of detailed plans in Iran. finally, the article suggests that establishing a set of general principles for evaluating the implementation of urban plans can strengthen the legitimacy, effectiveness, and inclusiveness of planning practice. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing citizen participation and integrating evaluation more systematically into the theory and practice of planning.