International Journal of Ethics and Society

Introduction: The objective is to examine the conceptual structure of research related to medical ethics and bioethics in the Web of Science database and to identify the sub-domains and important dimensions of these concepts. Material and Methods: This research is conducted using bibliometric techniques and co-occurrence analysis of keywords. To identify trends in medical ethics and bioethics research (1974–2024), 10,761 documents were examined. Cluster analysis and a strategic diagram were used to depict the conceptual structure of the research. Conclusion: Nine clusters in medical ethics and bioethics were identified: 1) Moral values, 2) Philosophy of bioethics, 3) Ethics and human dignity, 4) Medical ethics and education, 5) Bioethics and human rights, 6) Clinical ethics, 7) Ethics and bioethics committee research, 8) Research ethics, 9) Principles of bioethics in Islam. Additionally, by analyzing the content of the articles, emerging topics, subject areas, and prominent publications in medical ethics and bioethics were identified. The results will help researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the concepts of medical ethics and bioethics and identify potential areas for future research.

Introduction: Contract drafting should not be examined only from a legal perspective. Ethical considerations should also be considered in contracts. The purpose of the present study is to examine ethical considerations in contracts (specifically, contracting agreement in the field of urban construction), which was written using an analytical-descriptive method based on reliable data. Material and Methods: The present study is a review of articles, books, and ethical charters in the field of contracts. To achieve the goal, articles and books in this field were reviewed. Conclusion: Given the high volume of working capital in the industry and construction sector, as well as the complex relationships between contractors, executors, consultants, and other natural and legal persons involved in the implementation of industrial and construction projects, there is a need for contracts that clearly and specifically define the subject, obligations and duties of the parties, the amount and time of project completion, and other important matters. This transparency reduces insoluble disputes and dissatisfaction. Research results show that many decisions, behaviors, and performance of managers and employees in organizations are influenced by their ethical values. This makes ethical behaviors have a significant impact on productivity, improved communications, and risk reduction in organizations. Therefore, paying attention to ethical principles is an inevitable necessity for organizations.

Introduction: Fair and equitable proceedings, as one of the most fundamental ethical demands in the legal system, can have positive consequences in the legal system. In the process of civil proceedings, resorting to various means can prolong the proceedings and even violate the rights of the other party. Deviating the course of proceedings by resorting to delaying maneuvers will unfairly seize time in favor of one party and to the detriment of the other. In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the unethical nature of maneuvers leading to delays in civil proceedings and to identify it as an independent entity that has its own definition and characteristics. Material and Methods: This article is a descriptive review and the research method is historical, analytical, applied and inductive. Related documents reviewed for the literature and information analyzed. Conclusion: Various circulars have been issued in the Iranian judicial system to eliminate the delay of proceedings, but as long as the unethical nature of the delay maneuvers is not intended, the removal of the delay in the proceedings is inevitable, even in a biased manner by the litigants. These delay maneuvers, in addition to fraud against legal procedures and measures, are observed from the beginning of the proceedings, even before the case is referred to the judge and during the proceedings until its conclusion. By recognizing this independent nature and distinguishing it from similar titles, such as fraud against the law and abuse of rights, preventing the reliance on these causes of delay by litigants in civil proceedings through legislation with the aim of directly dealing with this phenomenon is intended by the Iranian legislator, benefiting from French doctrine and laws and even in a more advanced manner.

Introduction: The emergence of new technologies, like artificial intelligence (AI), has led to noticeable modifications. AI can be an effective tool in higher education; however, numerous ethical challenges also emerge. The present study investigates AI's ethical prospects, opportunities, and Weaknesses in higher education. Materials and Methods: This study is applied research regarding its purpose and qualitative regarding the nature of its data. The research is a systematic review using the PRISMA strategy. We searched four Latin databases: Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and JSTOR and four Persian databases: Noormags, Magiran, CID, and Civilica. A systematic search was conducted based on keywords and article selection strategies; out of 253 articles, 37 were selected for concrete evaluation, and POP scientometrics software was used for analysis. We also used VOSVIEWER software to illustrate the relationship between the interconnected subjects. Results: This study revealed that individuals in higher education understand the ethical applications of using AI. Strengths include personalized learning, fair assessment, and individualized feedback. Opportunities include educational equity and bridging the digital divide. Weaknesses include privacy concerns and fraud in the assessment process. Challenges include lack of transparency and dissemination of misinformation. Conclusion: Following ethical values when using artificial intelligence can maintain the quality of learning environments and construct an inclusive setting for every student. The combination of these approaches creates a safe environment for education activists.

Introduction: Ethics is an effective means for living better; therefore, learning it is essential to human life. With the emergence of new technologies, this matter has acquired new dimensions. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain students’ lived experiences of media in maintaining ethics. Material and Methods: The research employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of high school students in Lahore city. Using purposive sampling and following theoretical saturation, 40 students were selected as participants. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis (open coding). Results: From the set of conducted interviews, after transcription, data analysis, and the removal of redundant codes, eighty conceptual codes were obtained and categorized into six main themes. Conclusion: The results indicate that students have gained numerous positive and negative experiences through their interaction with media, which have left lasting effects on their ethics, behavior, and personality.

Introduction: Adhering to advertising ethics can positively affect repeat purchases and customer loyalty. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ethical dimensions of sports business advertisements. Material and Methods: The research method is based on the multi-grounded approach in terms of practical purpose and qualitative data. 15 participants were experts in the field of marketing, sellers, and customers of sports businesses. The sampling method was non-random and purposive. Sampling was carried out until theoretical saturation was reached. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The interviewing process continued until theoretical saturation (15 people) was reached. Data analysis utilized three-stage coding and was conducted with MAXQDA software. Validation was done using the triangulation approach. Results: The final model of the research was organized into 4 main axes: 1- Effective factors (factors related to the business company, market atmosphere, customer behavior, economic, cultural-social, rules and regulations governing businesses), 2- Strategies (infrastructure and equipment, management and structure, laws and regulations, supervision, training, dissemination, and promotion), 3- Dimensions of ethics in advertising (non-supply of dark products, religious values, methods of promotion and advertising, social values, communication with customers, content production, quality the product of laws and regulations), 4- Consequences (seller's internal satisfaction, branding, financial consequences, customer-related consequences). Conclusion: This research identifies a new ethical approach for sports business ads. It emphasizes the importance of scientific, social, and cultural values, along with adherence to advertising norms and legal compliance. Monitoring should involve existing regulations and technology. Furthermore, sports business licensing should include education on ethical advertising.

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between personality traits and communication skills with career success and professional qualifications and moral behavior of mathematics teachers with the mediation of professional commitment in secondary schools in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The method of the present research was descriptive-correlation, its statistical population included all secondary school teachers in the number of 460 people, of which 210 people were selected using cluster random sampling method. In order to collect research data from questionnaires including Nabi's Career Success Questionnaire (2001), Molaeinezhad Teachers' Professional Competencies Questionnaire (2011), Clikeman and Henning's Professional Obligations Questionnaire (2000), NEOPI-R Personality Questionnaire, Queendom's Communication Skills (2004) and Lu and Lin's ethical behavior questionnaire (2013) was used. To check the hypotheses, correlation test and structural equations were used using Spss and smart-PLS software. Results: The findings showed that personality traits (neuroticism, extroversion and flexibility) had a significant relationship with teachers' career success and teachers' professional qualifications and moral behavior. Also, communication skills had a significant relationship with job success, professional qualifications and ethical behavior. It was also found that professional commitment plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between research variables. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, personality traits and communication skills can affect job and professional success and moral performance in education. In this regard, professional commitment can play a mediating role because positive personality traits and high-level communication skills can guarantee job success and ethical performance by raising the level of professional commitment.

Introduction: Since ethics in information technology is important and essential, the purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing information technology ethics. Material and Methods: The present study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. The statistical population consisted of the employees of the Libyan National Oil Company, among whom 201 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Results: The results of the study confirmed all the research hypotheses. Accordingly, it was found that cultural values have a direct effect on information technology ethics. Moreover, cultural values also have an indirect effect on information technology ethics through organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, ethics in information technology is a function of the social and cultural values of a society, and these values influence the domain of information technology ethics in various ways.