مطالب

ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینمرتبط‌ترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۵۳۹٬۹۳۷ مورد.
۱.

An Interdisciplinary Research on the Bedrock Ground Stones For The Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, West-Central Zagros Mountains, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 77 - 83

کلیدواژه‌ها: West-Central Zagros Bawa Yawan Bedrock groundstone Classification Microfossil

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The late Pleistocene period witnessed significant shifts in human lifestyle and behaviour across various regions in the Old World, as indicated by prehistoric archaeological evidence. These shifts reflect a transition from hunting to a greater emphasis on activities related to gathering plants. Archaeological findings demonstrate the utilization of plants in diverse forms, including the emergence of Bedrock Ground Stone (BGS) at prehistoric sites. In the realm of archaeological research, these remains are deemed crucial man-made artefacts, shedding light on essential aspects such as nutrition, culture, vegetation, food processing, and the presence of medicinal and toxic substances within ancient human societies. Given the existing research gap and the paramount significance of these artefacts in archaeological and anthropological studies, the Diyarmehr Institute for Paleolithic Research, for the first time in Iran, has committed to undertaking comprehensive and scientific investigations of the BGS in the Nawadrwn valley in the  Kermanshah region. Owing to its geographical positioning and environmental abundance, the west-central Zagros range has historically attracted and served as a conducive habitat for diverse human groups across various epochs. This study represents a multi-disciplinary research endeavour focused on 24 bedrock groundstones (BGS) discovered in the Prehistoric Bawa Yawan rockshelters within Nawdarwan valley. Detailed morphological and geochemical analyses have unveiled their multifaceted utility, encompassing purposes such as herbal processing and extraction, and their use in three instances as stone lamps.
۲.

The Construction of Subjectivity through Desire in Gulliver’s Travels: A Deleuzian-Žižekian Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 217 - 243

کلیدواژه‌ها: Desiring-machines Social-machines Socius The Body without Organs The Other Jonathan Swift

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Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels has long been read as a satire targeting the 18th-century British politics, scientific rationalism, and imperial ambition. But beneath its satirical surface, the novel grapples with deeper philosophical questions—about how desire is shaped, how subjectivity is produced, and how individuals are caught within the systems that define them. Although scholars have extensively explored the text from political and ethical perspectives, its engagement with the dynamics of desire has not been examined through the theories of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Slavoj Žižek. This study brings those frameworks into conversation with Swift’s narrative, drawing on the concepts of desiring-machines, social-machines, the Body without Organs, and the desire of the Other. Through a close reading of Gulliver’s four voyages, the paper traces the dynamics of desire and Gulliver’s gradual alienation from the social structures, culminating in an ontological rupture—a rejection of the codes that once shaped his identity. Rather than upholding Enlightenment ideals, Swift offers a portrait of a subject unravelling under their weight. In this light, Gulliver’s Travels emerges not only as a political satire, but as a profound meditation on desire, control, and ontological rupture.
۳.

Rome and Parthia

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 63 - 66

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rome Parthia Politics of Peace

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The relationship between Rome and Parthia is one of the most important issues in ancient history. Still, only some scholars, such as archaeologists, historians, and linguists, have written books and articles about this subject. Rome, Parthia, and the Politics of Peace, The Origins of War in the Ancient Middle East, by Jason M. Schlude, is a new book in this field.
۵.

Black Mountain Poetics and Fredric Jameson’s Floating Signifier Theory(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 1 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: Black Mountain Lacanian psychoanalysis projective verse Postmodern Poetry signifying chain

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This study examines how The Maximus Poems by Charles Olson and The Opening of the Field by Robert Duncan build on Fredric Jameson’s critique of pastiche, offering a more immediate and engaged model of postmodern writing. Drawing on Jameson’s reading of Lacan—particularly his use of schizophrenia as a way to describe the breakdown of the signifying chain in late capitalism—the research explores how both poets confront the fragmentation of language and its absorption into commodified culture. Olson’s projective verse emphasizes presence and locality, while Duncan’s layered syntax and mythic references resist fixed interpretation and invite open-ended exploration. The study uses close reading and theoretical interpretation to show how both poets turn poetic form into a site of resistance, where language—though fractured— still carries meaning and shapes how we see the world. In Jameson’s terms, these works function as “symbolic texts,” where personal expression and social contradiction intersect. Rather than mirror postmodern disorientation, the poems open up a space for a different kind of awareness—one that moves through the tension between imagination and structure, and points toward the hope and possibility woven into poetic form. 
۶.

Tracing Nicholas Royle’s Concept of the Uncanny in the Characterization of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 35 - 56

کلیدواژه‌ها: The Uncanny Nicholas Royle Frankenstein Mary Shelley Characterization

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Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) is a cornerstone of Gothic literature, renowned for its dark settings and themes of death, isolation, and vengeance, all of which evoke terror. These elements create profound unease in readers, which Sigmund Freud calls the uncanny. While Freud’s psychoanalytic account emphasizes repressed fears and childhood anxieties, Nicholas Royle’s expanded theory redefines the uncanny as a literary mode which destabilizes identity. This article aims to apply Royle’s theoretical framework to analyze Shelley’s characterization of Victor Frankenstein and his Creature, focusing on five central concepts: silence and isolation, thought, the double, the phantom, and the death drive and repetition. From this vantage point, the study depicts how silence resounds with ghostly echoes in solitude, thought can make the identity fractured, doubling becomes a rupture of the self, the phantom uncovers hidden traumas and inherited secrets, and the death drive takes form as compulsive repetition which haunts the mind. These elements reframe the novel’s horror as uncanny. The findings suggest that through a Roylean perspective on the uncanny, Shelley’s Frankenstein transcends traditional Gothic boundaries by dramatizing the instability of the self and the persistence of what cannot be fully known or repressed.
۷.

Kuh-i Sukhteh’s Shrine in Omidiyeh: A Fire Temple from the Sasanian Period in Southwestern Iran?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 23 - 42

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kuh-i Sukhteh Asak Fire temple

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Kuh-i Sukhteh in Omidiyeh, one of the most important but less-known areas in southwestern Iran, is between Omidiyeh and today’s Aghajari. This area was considered a part of the Asak region (one of Arjan environs). Active sources of fire plagued this area in ancient times due to its natural bed, and it was probably a place for the construction of shrines, including the Zoroastrian fire temple. This spatial feature was observed and written about by travelers and authors of the first and middle Islamic centuries. Historical texts refer to this area as a volcano, fire, fire temple, and fire altar. This research aims to compare the material presented by historical texts with archaeological data to locate the Asak fire temple. Conducting this research is necessary to complete the puzzle of the communication route between Ramhormoz and Arjan and identify the architectural structures related to the settlement and possible Zoroastrian shrines in this route. This research tries to answer this question: What is the connection between the Kuh-i Sukhteh area and Zoroastrian religious buildings in the Sasanian and the first Islamic centuries? Conclusion: Based on information from the historical and geographical texts of the first to middle Islamic centuries and archaeological data, including pottery and architectural remains, the Kuh-i Sukhteh in Omidiyeh is an adaptable place for the ancient fire temple of Asak. However, archaeological excavations seem necessary to document more architectural structures. The present study’s data result from authors’ survey studies and citation studies, and we have concluded by historical, descriptive analysis.
۸.

Tepe Talebkhan: A Bronze Age Settlement in Sistan, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 3 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sistan Southeastern Iran Bronze Age Bullae Token Architecture

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In the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, a settlement was established at Shahr-i Sokhta in Sistan​​. Simultaneously, during this period, the Porto-Elamite horizon emerged in a large zone of the Near East, especially on the eastern part of the Iranian Plateau. During the first quarter of the third millennium BCE and the early urbanization phase, Shahr-i Sokhta, an early urban center, expanded largely, and many satellite sites developed around it. To obtain some information on the economic and cultural interactions between Shahr-i Sokhta and these peripheral settlements, Tepe Talebkhan has been chosen for excavations and further detailed studies. In the article, by using the materials found during the fifth season of excavations at Tepe Talebkhan, the focus was to shed more light on the main cultural characteristics of the site and its mutual ties with Shahr-i Sokhta. Ceramic data indicates that the settlement was founded at the end of Shahr-i Sokhta III period and continued through the entire posterior period i.e. Shahr-i Sokhta IV. The carbon 14 results also provided an absolute date for the settlement sequence between 2500 and 2300 BCE. 
۹.

The Impact of the American War on the American Soldiers: An Examination of Survival Psychology in Scranton's War Porn and Powers’ The Yellow Birds(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 57 - 74

کلیدواژه‌ها: Survival Psychology post-traumatic stress disorder Iraq War modern war novel

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This research explores fictional representations of the Iraq War by American writers, focusing on how neglecting soldiers’ individuality renders their psychological suffering invisible. This theme is especially prominent in American literature on the Iraq War, where protagonists — often American soldiers — experience deep psychological crises and struggle to reintegrate into civilian life. Kevin Powers' The Yellow Birds and Roy Scranton’s War Porn portray the war’s devastating consequences and lasting impact on soldiers. Even after returning home, these soldiers face ongoing psychological battles. Using theories of Survival Psychology and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, this paper analyzes how these novels illuminate the American war in Iraq and its far-reaching effects. The war affected not only Iraqi civilians but also American combatants, inflicting enduring psychological harm. This study identifies a recurring pattern of destruction that affects both the external environment and individual identity. By highlighting the psychological trauma and the depersonalization of soldiers’ suffering in War Porn and The Yellow Birds , the paper exposes the complex and often baffling aftermath of war. These narratives reveal how war continues to shape the lives of American veterans long after combat ends, offering a deeper understanding of the hidden psychological toll of modern warfare.
۱۰.

Rescue Archaeology Survey in the Reservoir Area of Azaroud Dam, Mazandaran: A Look at Environmental Capacities and Tourism Attractions

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 3 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Archaeological Survey Azaroud Dam human settlements Environmental conditions Geology

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This study aimed to identify and document archaeological sites within the catchment area of the Azaroud Dam and to prepare an archaeological map of the region. The primary research question was whether there is evidence of historical human settlements in the Azaroud Dam reservoir area and how environmental and geological factors have influenced the formation or absence of such settlements. The methodology was based on a field survey of the region. The results indicate that there is no evidence of historical human settlements within the Azaroud Dam reservoir area. Only scattered fragments of eroded pottery were found along the riverbanks, likely transported to the area by seasonal floods from upstream regions. Environmental and geological analyses also reveal that factors such as dense forest cover, steep slopes, difficult terrain, and annual torrential rainfall have created unfavorable conditions for the establishment of permanent or even temporary settlements in this area. However, these findings are limited to the reservoir area, and the possibility of human settlements in adjacent areas, particularly in upstream regions with gentler slopes and flatter terrain, cannot be ruled out. Despite this, the significant tourism potential of the studied area, both naturally and due to the construction of the Azaroud Dam, can play a prominent role in attracting investment and promoting sustainable development in the region.
۱۱.

Typology of Gravestones in the Islamic Cemetery of Shahsavar, Izeh, Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 31 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: Tombstone Typology Islamic Cemetery Shahsavar Izeh Bakhtiari tribe Ethnoarchaeology Funerary Symbolism

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The Islamic era tombstones of Shahsavar Cemetery in Izeh, southwestern Iran, reflect a rich tapestry of religious, cultural, and socio-economic values embedded in local Bakhtiari traditions. This study explores the typology and semiotics of 632 gravestones dating from the Zand, Qajar, and Pahlavi periods to the contemporary era. These gravestones, which range from simple slabs to sculpted lion figures and tiered, crenellated forms, serve as commemorative markers and visual expressions of identity, status, and belief. Utilizing a dual-method approach —historical document analysis and ethnoarchaeological fieldwork— this research categorizes the gravestones into five primary types: simple, tiered-crenellated, stone lion (bardshir), arched (mihrab-shaped), and anthropomorphic. The study reveals that the selection and design of tombstones were highly codified within the Bakhtiari tribal hierarchy, governed by symbolic traditions and cultural legitimacy. These forms also encode valor, piety, and transcendence, linking the deceased with tribal memory and spiritual continuity. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of funerary art in post-Islamic Iran.
۱۲.

Tracing the Lost Fire of Ādur Farnbāg: Archaeological Evidence from Bardestān, Persian Gulf

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 85 - 108

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sasanian Seal Historical Geography Fire temple Persian Gulf

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Fire held particular significance among Zoroastrian Iranians, possessing varying degrees of importance. There were three groups of fire associated with rituals. The most sacred of these was the fire of Bahram, known as the fire of the victorious king, which was to burn perpetually in the fire temples of Ādur Gušnasp, Ādur Farnbāg, and Ādur Burzēn-Mihr under all circumstances. The fire temple of Ādur Gušnasp is located in Takht-i Soleiman, Takab (Northwest of Iran), and Ādur Burzēn-Mihr is situated in the region of Rivand in Khorasan (Northeast of Iran). However, there is a discrepancy regarding the location of the fire of Ādur Farnbāg or the fire temple of the priests. Some researchers, orientalists, and many historical geographical documents have suggested the Karyan region of Fars, but conclusive evidence has not been provided. In the archaeological study of the Bardestān desert region and the Sasanian site of Koyu, a newly discovered seal bearing an inscription referring to the fire of Ādur Farnbāg has proposed a new hypothesis concerning the location of the state fire of Ādur Farnbāg. This paper will introduce the site and the newly found seal, and the reasons for proposing the Bardestān desert region as the location for the fire of Ādur Farnbāg will be discussed. This research was conducted through field surveys and comparative library studies, aiming to address one of the most significant questions in Sasanian archaeology regarding the location of the fire temple of Ādur Farnbāg.
۱۳.

‘From Hitler to Hitler’: A New Paradigm of Wyndham Lewis’s Fascist Insights in Hitler (1931) and The Hitler Cult (1939)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 95 - 110

کلیدواژه‌ها: Wyndham Lewis Fascism fascist movement Adolf Hitler The Hitler Cult

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The present paper examines the juxtaposition of Wyndham Lewis's polemical and disputatious works Hitler (1931) and The Hitler Cult (1939) under the theoretical framework of the political trajectories of Fascism to present an intriguing lens through which to examine Lewis's evolving views on fascism and Adolf Hitler during the tumultuous peak and trough of the twentieth-century authoritarian regime. By delving into the nuanced language of Lewis's notorious writings on fascism, the conjectural boundaries of his intuitive, conceptual, and artistic framework established his reputation as an avant-garde advocate of fascism. In this fashion, the paper encapsulates Lewis's vision of his manifestation of the political insights of fascist predispositions, which reveal a loading towards specific socio-political matrixes over the course of the interwar period (1919-1938). Building logically on this political concept, the present study is meant a) to reflect Lewis's initial fascination with the fascist movement and its charismatic leader, Adolf Hitler, to portray him as a dynamic and transformative figure who embodies the spirit of the times and offers a viable substitute for the perceived failures of liberal democracy and socialism; and b) to represent a critical reassessment of Hitler and the fascist movement in light of the escalating tensions and atrocities of the late 1930s. In The Hitler Cult (1939), Lewis adopts a more skeptical and condemnatory stance toward Hitler and the cult of personality surrounding him by exposing the contradictions and hypocrisies of Hitler's regime and criticizing its propaganda techniques, suppression of dissent, and expansionist ambitions.
۱۴.

Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān, An Achaemenid City in Southeastern Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 55 - 63

کلیدواژه‌ها: Achaemenid Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān Architecture Art

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Many archaeological remains from the Achaemenid empire have been found in various lands; therefore, many authors have researched and written about this empire’s cultural and civilizational features. Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān is one of the valuable sites of this empire that still stands. Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān is located 30 kilometers southeast of Zabol and was one of the important sites of the Achaemenids in southeastern Iran. The site was discovered in the 1960s by Italian archaeologist Umberto Scherato, who began archaeological excavations in 1962. Archaeological studies have shown that the structures of this city were built on a high terrace and were used in at least two periods of settlement. A look at the two different types of architectural structures, namely huge buildings and smaller buildings, indicates the various uses of these buildings. Among the large buildings, building number 3 was a large religious structure, building number 1 was a large civil building, and building number 2 was an administrative building. Buildings 4, 5, 6, and 7 were residential and private, all located in the eastern part of the city, and building 15 was an industrial building with religious production. Buildings numbers 16 and 17 were also large public buildings.
۱۵.

Nietzschean “Transformations of the Soul” and “Typology of Women” in Forough Farrokhzad's Poetic Vision(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 195 - 216

کلیدواژه‌ها: Forough Farrokhzad Friedrich Nietzsche Transformations of the Soul Typology of Women Tragic Vision

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Forough Farrokhzad (1934-1966) emerged as a distinguished intellectual contemporary Iranian poet whose poetry, while embracing the notion of “tragic culture,” rejects every dualistic structure and gender essentialism. Instead, it posits the potential for human empathy, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of gender dynamics within the broader context of human experience. According to “Typology of Women” in Nietzsche's writings, the tragic vision is determined in the theory of the “Dionysian Woman” after passing through the stages of “desire for illusion” and “desire for truth.” On the other hand, this potentiality within Farrokhzad's poetic corpus exhibits a gradual and evolutionary character. In accordance with her aesthetic approach, it serves as a manifestation of the “transformations of the soul” delineated by Nietzsche. His conceptual framework posits a “transformative journey of the soul,” progressing from the stage of submission (camel) through rebellion and destruction (lion) to ultimately attain the stage of innocent creation (child). Employing an analytical-descriptive methodology, this study elucidates the manifestation of the transformative paradigm in Farrokhzad's poetry, primarily evident in her dual modes of "erotic" and "rebellious" poetic expressions, which reflect her engagement with metaphysical themes. Furthermore, an exploration of the imprint of the "love of fate" concept in Farrokhzad's verse is presented as a derivative outcome.
۱۶.

The Newly Discovered Elamite Rock Relief of Alhak, Izeh, Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 65 - 83

کلیدواژه‌ها: Elam Ayapir Alhak Izeh Rock relief

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A newly discovered Elamite rock relief in the Alhak region of central Izeh in southwestern Iran contributes significantly to the corpus of commemorative Elamite art. Unlike other well-known reliefs from the area—such as those at Kūl-i Farah, Shahsavar, and Khung-i Azhdar—this composition was carved onto a conglomerate rock surface, a medium both unique and inherently fragile, leading to its accelerated erosion and delayed recognition. The relief depicts a male figure seated in profile on a simple throne, raising his right hand in a gesture of reverence or supplication. A stepped platform lies before him, while a prominent solar disc hovers above his head—features resonant with iconographic motifs found on contemporaneous cylinder seals from Elam and Mesopotamia. Iconographic and stylistic parallels suggest that the Alhak relief belongs to the Shimashki cultural horizon (ca. 2000–1970 BCE). The absence of divine attributes—such as horned crowns or zoomorphic insignia—indicates that the figure is more plausibly interpreted as a royal personage engaged in ritual devotion rather than a deity. The rightward orientation of the seated figure, in contrast to the left-facing postures of most Izeh reliefs, further underscores its distinctiveness. This discovery broadens our understanding of regional variability within Elamite rock art. It highlights the cultural resilience of Elamite traditions in the highlands following the collapse of lowland power centers such as Susa. Future investigations employing advanced imaging technologies (e.g., 3D scanning and photogrammetry) are essential for recovering lost details and refining our interpretation of the relief’s symbolic schema.
۱۷.

On Foot or on Horseback? The Honorable Way of Dueling in Pre-Islamic Iran based on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 23 - 34

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ferdowsi Shahnameh Duel pre-Islamic Iran Iranian Art

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Duels, despite their cultural visibility and symbolic significance, were never a common nor universal form of conflict resolution. In the Iranian tradition, as presented in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, however, they hold a special place as an element of the hero’s ethos. This raises questions about the extent of the practice of such encounters and about their ritual, whether the fighting took place on foot or on horseback. The article addresses this issue in the context of pre-Islamic Iran, juxtaposing three perspectives: the narrative of Ferdowsi’s epic, historical accounts concerning rulers and commanders, and the iconography of reliefs. In the Shahnameh, mounted combat appears as the most prestigious form, yet the poet subtly challenges its superiority, pointing instead to victory as the true criterion of honor. The comparison of these three sources allows for a deeper understanding of the significance of duels in pre-Islamic Iranian tradition.
۱۸.

Politics of Desire: A Deleuzist Reading on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 135 - 161

کلیدواژه‌ها: Nomadism Body without Organs (BwO) Becoming Affect Theory Habitat and Culture Ovidian Metamorphosis

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The present article intends to apply Deleuzist tenets on Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra . Deleuze posits that an artwork is a desiring machine endowed with the basic components of becoming woman, becoming animal, nomadism, war machine as well as BwO (body without organs). Drawing upon them, this research aims to dissolve Rome-Egypt duality and its corresponding genderized subjectivity and racial bias. The major questions raised in the research include: First, how do the early modern biracial lovers, from contrasting geographical spaces, merge in parallelism, and to what effect? Second, to what extent is the course of desubjectification carried out? Third, what vantagepoint (in culturalists’ parlance) is envisioned for the future polity? To answer these questions, the present study probes into Deleuzist theories to demonstrate the characters’ decisiveness to transgress hegemonic codes and legitimate ideological power relations. These formulations align with Ovidian tradition of metamorphosis. Bodies in flux, reenact Shakespeare’s lovers in perpetual passage both within and without until Rome and Egypt – summing up the white/nonwhite polarity – consolidate. The disruptive theories appropriated by the lovers drive them to the communion of the disadvantaged. The final egalitarian gesture would envision a future polity of inclusion, diversity and equity.
۱۹.

Proto-Elamite Sealed Clay Strips from Susa: A Functional Reappraisal

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 7 - 30

کلیدواژه‌ها: Administrative Documents Proto-Elamite Susa Phenomenology Seal impressions

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Examining administrative artefacts from the Proto-Elamite period in Susa through a phenomenological lens allows historians and archaeologists to contextualize these documents not only as dormant material culture but also as dynamic instruments in negotiating economic control, political authority, and institutional identity. This article draws on newly reevaluated evidence of clay sealing strips housed in the National Museum of Iran, interpreted initially as “wall sealings” by Holly Pittman. It reconsiders their function in light of comparative frameworks developed by Adelheid Otto for Middle Bronze Age Syria. By situating these items within the broader conceptual field of “administrative writing”, here extended to include physical sealing devices as protoarchival media, this study examines the thematic frameworks, authorial stances, and intended audiences embedded in both the ancient administrative practices and the modern scholarly discourse. Rather than occupying a marginal position in archaeological literature, these sealing strips emerge as powerful heuristic tools for understanding the evolution of bureaucratic management in early Iranian state formations.
۲۰.

The Problematic of Identity and Language in David Hare’s Skylight and Pravda(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۸, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۵-۲۰۲۶ 111 - 134

کلیدواژه‌ها: Gender Reality Identity Intelligible Gender Performativity

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This article presents new outlooks toward gender transfiguration in David Hare’s Skylight and Pravda in the light of Judith Butler’s theory of Gender Performativity. It examines whether the linguistic performance of Hare's characters is an innate feature or a hallucinatory effect of their naturalized and gendered bodies. Butler asserts that performativity is a ritualized production and a constrained reiteration of cultural intelligibility under the prohibition pressed by power regimes. Surveying Skylight and Pravda elucidates that gender identity is an imitation, which leads Hare’s characters to resignify and recontextualize the parodic gender reproductions. Moreover, the gendered subjects were subordinated to the language that interpellated them, so that each individual became a linguistically stylized occasion. Therefore, the ever-shifting identities of Hare’s characters were established by the power of the injurious language that interpellated the subjects. Springing from the discussion about gender performativity of Hare’s characters, the article concluded that identity is a phantasmatic construction, and what an individual performs is a non-intrinsic parody of the culturally constructed regulations. As a result, the culturally acquired gender is crafted based on the socially recognizable standards, which shape the directionality of the self-representation.

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