مطالب

Giving consideration to the importance and on-going challenge of vocabulary learning, there is an increasing demand for seeking out new approaches that correspond well with the needs of digital natives. With the rapid advance of technology, deploying innovative approaches such as gamified and flipped mobile- assisted language learning is gaining worldwide popularity. The current study was an attempt to scrutinize the effectiveness of integrating gamification with flipped approach on EFL learners' receptive vocabulary learning. With the aim of carrying out this research, 68 EFL high school students were randomly allocated into an experimental and control group. The required data were gathered by means of pre- and post- tests. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics including two paired, and one independent samples t-tests. Quantitative findings revealed that the experimental group participants outperformed their non-gamified coequals. Additionally, as post-test scores showed tremendous improvement, it was found that both aforesaid approaches were devastatingly effective in enhancing EFL learners' vocabulary development. The results of this study can be useful for EFL instructors and teachers for giving them insights on how to employ flipped approach for teaching receptive vocabulary.

The present research examines the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity with conscientiousness of lifeguards. This is a descriptive-correlational research and has been carried out by the field method. The statistical population of the research included all female lifeguards in the east of the country and at different work levels (310 people). Next, according to the type of statistical population, the sample size was calculated using Morgan's table to the number of 150 people, and they completed the questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs, anxiety sensitivity and conscientiousness. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistical tests simultaneously. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity with conscientiousness (p≤0.05). Positive metacognitive beliefs have a positive and significant relationship with conscientiousness, while the relationship between negative metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity with conscientiousness is negative and significant. Since lifeguards should be at the peak of responsibility, knowing the issues that can negatively affect their conscientiousness can be a solution or suggestion to improve their performance. Therefore, according to the results of the research, it is suggested to discuss the psychological preparation of lifeguards, especially in the cognitive aspect. There should be more emphasis

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of drivers and values associated with luxury sports brands on consumer behavior, considering different levels of brand equity. The study adopts a correlational design with practical implications. The target population includes all customers of luxury sports brands in Mazandaran province. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, a statistical sample size of 384 was determined for a large population. To achieve this sample size, 420 questionnaires were distributed, and 392 valid responses were analyzed. Data collection was conducted using a quantitative approach through the administration of four researcher-developed questionnaires, which assessed stimuli, luxury brand values, consumer behavioral reactions, and brand equity. The validity of the questionnaires was established via factor analysis, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the statistical population, examine the frequency and distribution of data, define variables, and generate related charts and tables. Hypothesis testing, model construction, and other necessary analyses were performed using LISREL for factor analysis and SPSS for inferential statistics, alongside model fitting software. The findings reveal that the values associated with luxury sports brands significantly influence consumer behavior, contingent on varying levels of brand equity. It is recommended that managers of organizations and companies involved in producing both sports and non-sports brands focus on enhancing brand equity by offering high-quality luxury products that create positive experiences and appeal for consumers.

"One of the most crucial philosophical rules and a cornerstone of rational principles is the " Nothing but the One emanates from One." This article, employing a library research method for data collection and an analytical and descriptive approach for data analysis, aims to accurately explain this rule. It also seeks to address the arguments of those who oppose the rule, as they haven't correctly grasped its underlying premises. By carefully considering these premises, we find that the "unity" referred to in the rule is not numerical unity, but rather true, real, and original unity. Furthermore, the "One" signifies a simple entity from all aspects and dimensions. "Emanation " implies direct emanation and illuminative emanation, and "homogeneity " refers to shadowy homogeneity . With these introductions, the meaning of the rule becomes clear: From the One that is simple in all respects (basīṭ min jamī' al-jihāt), by virtue of the principle of shadowy homogeneity (Senkhīyyat ẓillīyyah), and without an intermediary and with an illuminative relation (iḍāfah ishrāqiyyah), nothing but the One emanates.. Indeed, according to the elucidations of Mystics and Transcendent Philosophers (Muta'allihīn), the single effect  that emanates from the utterly simple One (God) is precisely what they call Expanded Existence or Expanded Grace.

Iraqi Kurdistan has adopted an independent foreign policy from the Iraqi central government in the past two decades; This foreign policy is based on a different model and strategy that aims at independence. In this regard, considering the importance and determinant nature of Iran’s regional policy in the face of regional developments such as the disintegration of neighboring countries along with Tehran’s position on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil is leveraging a strategic model of balance of threat towards the confrontation between Tehran and Tel Aviv. Accordingly, the present study seeks to explain why and how this strategy is adopted by the Iraqi Kurdistan towards the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. Therefore, the main question is "what is the rationale for Iraqi Kurdistan to understand Iranian threat?" The hypothesis is that due to its historical components, different organizational and social identities, differences in power levels and personal factors (mindsets of the leaders), The Iraqi Kurdistan sees the Islamic Republic of Iran as an obstacle in the way of realization of the its independence. Therefore, Iraqi Kurdistan in the Zionism-Iranian confrontation pursues a unique strategy based on the balance of threat. This essay is an analytical-explanatory study that has been done through using a combination of theoretical frameworks of balance of threat and constructivism. Furthermore, the research method in this essay is based on trend analysis.

This article examines the evolution of Iran’s foreign policy in response to both regional and global shifts. It explores how Iranian Neighbourhood Policy, initially focused on countering the perceived threat from the Arab-Israeli axis and preventing the realization of the “Deal of the Century” plan, has been impacted by recent geopolitical developments. These include the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, the normalization talks between Israel and Saudi Arabia, and broader shifts towards a multipolar world order. The article argues that while Iran's policy aimed to economically integrate with neighboring countries, including Saudi Arabia, to counterbalance growing Israeli influence, the recent war has altered the regional dynamics. Khataei suggests that the roots of Iranian Neighbourhood Policy might need to shift from a focus on insecurity and anti-Israeli cooperation towards a broader civilizational approach, seeking regional hegemony through cultural and economic influence. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of external factors, such as Iran’s integration into Asian economies, particularly with Russia and China, as vital to the future of its foreign policy strategy. The article calls for a reassessment of Iranian goals in light of these developments, emphasizing the importance of adapting to the new geopolitical landscape.