مطالب

Background: Blockchain, mainly known for supporting cryptocurrencies, has a much broader role, as seen in this paper. These fundamental features of decentralization and immutability guarantee improved security and transparency in multiple spheres of human life. Objective: The article seeks to review current literature on new prospects of using blockchain as a secure way of sharing data with the purpose of establishing its advantages and disadvantages in this field. Methods: Relevant academic articles and papers published in the last 5 years were considered, and research cases of blockchain applications in numerous fields including healthcare, finance, supply chain, etc. This incorporates a review of blockchain within the capacity of data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Results: The results show that blockchain can greatly improve the security and credibility of data in data sharing by reducing common vulnerability and offering reliable traceability. The technology ensures safe transactions of data and minimizes the possibilities of manipulation of data in fields which involve sensitive data processes. Conclusion: Opportunities for the blockchain for secure data sharing are demonstrated across several industries through current advancements. However, it also has limitations that includes size ability, compatibility and legislation issues which still has to be solved. The study should therefore consider the following recommendations about the barriers outlined above in order to enhance the application of blockchain in secure data sharing in the future.

Background: The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks highlights challenges in extending coverage to remote and underserved areas due to infrastructure limitations and cost constraints. UAVs (drones) equipped with 5G base stations emerge as an innovative solution to this problem. Objective: This study aims to analyze the potential of drones as mobile 5G base stations to enhance connectivity in remote regions, addressing challenges like optimal deployment, energy efficiency, and user coverage. Methods: The research utilizes algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for placement and energy management of drone-based 5G stations. Simulation models were employed to test these algorithms, with key metrics including coverage efficiency and energy consumption. Results: The study shows that drone-based stations can significantly improve coverage in remote areas, achieving up to 95% user coverage with optimized algorithms. Tethered drones and advanced energy management strategies were instrumental in enhancing endurance. Conclusion: Drones as mobile 5G base stations present a feasible and scalable approach to bridging the digital divide in remote regions. However, energy and regulatory challenges remain critical areas for future research.

Background: Telecommunications has been rapidly moving from legacy systems to highly flexible modern architectures to accommodate the expanding demand on its services. This evolution is critical in providing the capacity needed for new technologies like 5G, IoT, and applications powered by AI. Objective: The study aims at establishing a literature review on the evolution from the more or less obsolete telecommunication structures to new generation digital structures, opportunity factors, technologies that facilitate this change as well as the value addition by this evolution. Methods: The literature review was followed by an examination of industry case studies of 50 telecommunications firms across the globe. The study looked at best practices including network resource utilization, operational price, and service delivery effectiveness, pre and post implementation of technologies like software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and cloud-native architectural strategies. Results: The analyses brought out the fact that with the new architectures, network scale up capabilities were enhanced by 70%, operation costs were brought down by up to 30% and service delivery rates were boosted by 40%. Nonetheless, 85% of the firms that implemented the software upgrade faced issues with system integration, which took fifteen months on average before the new system was fully incorporated, and the firms incurred an additional 20% in implementation costs in accommodating integration issues. Conclusion: Extension of telecommunication architectures towards digital landscape improves performance, capacity, and affordability thereby allowing the providers to address next generation applications. However, while making this transition, there are a number of risks that organizations have to face and it is very important to manage them in order to have maximum benefits from using new digital technologies.

Objective: The tourism sector, a significant component of the global service industry, is vital for a nation’s economic development and income generation. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain the factors influencing the demand for this type of service. The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of exchange rates on tourism demand in Iran. Methods: This study examined the long-term and short-term relationships between Iran’s tourism arrivals and variables such as the exchange rate, political risk, and other factors influencing tourism demand, including inflation, foreign investment, oil revenue, GDP, and population, employing time series data from 1995 to 2024 and the Dynamic ARDL simulation method. Results: The results indicate that political risk significantly detrimentally affects Iran’s tourism demand, whereas the exchange rate has a notable positive influence. Since 2010, when the fourth round of sanctions began, political risk has escalated owing to internal and external conflicts, negatively impacting international tourism demand. Conclusions: The interplay between exchange rate variables and political risk was found to positively influence tourism demand. The increase in the exchange rate decreases the costs of tourism services, and also stimulates creative business endeavors in the tourism industry.