مهاجرت بین المللی و پیامدهای مدیریت جمعیت در استان اصفهان: مطالعه نظریه زمینه ای (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
استان اصفهان به عنوان یکی از کانون های مهم جمعیتی در طول دوره های مختلف مقصد انتخابی مناسب برای مهاجرت از استان های همجوار بوده است. امروزه این استان با مسائل بسیار زیادی ناشی از هجوم و ازدیاد جمعیت مواجه است؛ بنابراین محققان در پژوهش حاضر به دنبال بررسی پیامدهای روند مهاجرت منطقه ای به استان اصفهان هستند. در این مطالعه با روش نظریه داده بنیاد فرآیند مهاجرت به استان اصفهان و پیامدهای آن ارزیابی شد. جمع آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساخت یافته از نمونه ای 24 نفری و مشاهده های میدانی حاصل شد. یافته ها نشان داد که مهاجرت خارجی به استان اصفهان در اثر عوامل پیچیده و مختلفی ایجاد و تشدید می شود. این عوامل در قالب شرایط علّی، شرایط زمینه ساز و شرایط مداخله ای بررسی شد. این روند مهاجرتی پیامدهای مختلفی دارد که در مقوله های اصلی پیامدهای امنیت اقتصادی، پیامدهای امنیت اجتماعی-فرهنگی و پیامدهای امنیت زیست محیطی شناسایی و استخراج شد. برای مدیریت بهتر مهاجرت خارجی به استان اصفهان نیازمند یک توجه ویژه به پژوهش و آموزش در این حوزه احساس می شود و متناسب با وضعیت روز مهاجرت و نیاز روز جامعه یک بازنگری در قوانین و نظارت باید صورت بپذیرد.International Migration and Its Consequences Affecting Population Management in Isfahan Province: A Grounded Theory Study
Isfahan Province, a significant population center, has historically served as a destination for migrants from neighboring regions. Today, it grapples with numerous challenges stemming from this influx and overpopulation. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of regional migration in Isfahan Province. Using the foundational data theory method, we evaluated the migration process and its impacts guided by Glaser's theory (1978). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field observations. The findings revealed that foreign migration to Isfahan was driven and exacerbated by a range of complex factors, which we categorized into causal, background, and intervention conditions. The migration process yielded various consequences identified as economic security, socio-cultural security, and environmental security issues. To better manage foreign migration in Isfahan, it is crucial to prioritize research and education in this area. Additionally, a review of laws and oversight is necessary aligned with the current migration landscape and societal needs. Keywords: Foreign Migration, Security Implications of Migration, Grounded Theory Method, Isfahan Province. Introduction Demographic statistics from various census periods reveal significant population growth rates in major urban centers accompanied by negative or even accelerated declines in less populated areas. The influx of people into Isfahan Province is not limited to internal migrants; a substantial portion consists of foreign migrants. The widespread phenomenon of immigration to Iran is a critical issue. Optimizing immigration policies and curbing the wave of immigration, particularly illegal immigration, should be a top priority for the country. Understanding the foreign immigration process to Isfahan, a key population center, is essential for effective monitoring, management, and planning. This knowledge will not only help improve living conditions, but also ensure the security of residents. The complexities surrounding migration necessitate a multifaceted approach, acknowledging the various factors that contribute to this phenomenon. By focusing on these aspects, policymakers can design strategies that address both the needs of migrants and concerns of the host community. Materials & Methods This research employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing grounded theory with a systematic framework. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews, employing purposeful sampling. This method allowed for in-depth exploration of participants' experiences and perspectives regarding migration to Isfahan. For data analysis, we applied the 3-step coding process characteristic of grounded theory, which involved open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Open coding allowed us to identify initial themes and categories, while axial coding helped refine these categories by establishing connections between them. Finally, selective coding enabled us to integrate and synthesize the findings into a coherent narrative that reflected the complexities of the migration process and its consequences. Research Findings The coding process identified and categorized data based on causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. Causal Conditions: The causal conditions included "destination attractions", "narratives and networks", and "origin repulsions". Destination attractions referred to the factors that made Isfahan appealing to migrants, such as job opportunities, cultural richness, and social networks. Narratives and networks highlighted the role of personal stories and connections in influencing migration decisions. Origin repulsions encompassed the adverse conditions in migrants' home countries, including political instability, economic hardship, and social unrest. Contextual Conditions: Contextual categories comprised "changing conditions at the origin" and "expectations of affordable living at the destination". These factors illustrated how fluctuations in the socio-economic landscape of the migrants' home countries could drive them to seek better opportunities in Isfahan. Intervening Conditions: Intervening categories were divided into two main groups: "anonymity" and "investor support for the presence of immigrants". Anonymity could facilitate the migration process by providing a sense of safety for newcomers, while investor support could enhance the economic viability of hosting migrants. Strategies: Based on our data analysis, the strategies for managing population and migration in Isfahan Province included "guiding immigrants towards conscious and responsible participation", "prioritizing migration research and education", and "revising laws and oversight". These strategies aimed to foster an inclusive environment that benefited both migrants and the local population. Consequences: The consequences of migration to Isfahan Province were identified as issues related to "socio-cultural security", "economic security", and "environmental security". Each of these areas required careful consideration to mitigate potential negative impacts while leveraging the benefits that migration could bring. Discussion of Results & Conclusion Foreign migration to Isfahan Province occurred for a variety of reasons. It encompassed different forms, including individual, family-based, legal, illegal, short-term, long-term, and permanent residence. The motivations for migration were often linked to unstable political, economic, income, welfare, educational, and cultural conditions in the countries of origin as contrasted with the relatively more favorable work, income, welfare, cultural, and educational opportunities in Isfahan Province. The diversity of migration forms implied that policies had to be adaptable and responsive to the unique needs of different migrant groups. Moreover, the various background and intervening factors significantly influenced the migration process and its escalation. A crucial aspect of this phenomenon was its diverse consequences, which could impact the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental security of the host community. Economic security could be threatened by increased competition for jobs and resources, while socio-cultural security might be impacted by cultural clashes or social tensions arising from integration challenges. Environmental security concerns included the strain on local resources and infrastructure due to population growth. To effectively address these challenges, it is essential to establish a foundation for comprehensive research in this area that aligns with the capacities and needs of the host country. This research should encompass not only quantitative data, but also qualitative insights that capture the lived experiences of migrants and the perceptions of local residents. Furthermore, necessary training should be provided to migrants prior to their arrival. This training can equip them with essential skills and knowledge about the local culture, legal framework, and available resources, facilitating smoother integration into society. Language programs and vocational training can enhance employability and contribute to economic stability for migrants. Alongside these measures, it is important to acknowledge the existing weaknesses in our legal and regulatory frameworks. Policymakers must undertake a thorough review of current immigration laws to identify gaps and areas for improvement. Effective oversight mechanisms should be established to ensure compliance and protect the rights of both migrants and local communities. In conclusion, the challenges posed by foreign migration to Isfahan Province require a multifaceted approach that combines research, education, and policy reform. By addressing the root causes of migration and fostering an inclusive environment, Isfahan can better manage the impacts of migration while enhancing the quality of life for all its residents. The insights gained from this study can serve as a valuable resource for stakeholders involved in migration management, ultimately contributing to a more harmonious and prosperous society.
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