درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to investigate marital satisfaction based on father involvement in parenting, problem-solving skills, and cognitive emotion regulation through emotional empathy in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: The research design was descriptive-survey and used a structural equations approach. The statistical population included 148 mothers of children with cerebral palsy in the city of Rasht in 2022. Using a census and purposive sampling method, all 148 individuals were selected as the sample. Data were collected using the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Alabama Parenting Test (Parent Form), Family Problem-Solving Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Emotional Empathy Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 28) and Lisrel (version 10). Findings: The findings showed a direct relationship between father involvement in parenting, problem-solving skills, cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional empathy with marital satisfaction (p ≤ .01). An indirect relationship was also found between father involvement in parenting, problem-solving skills, and cognitive emotion regulation through the mediation of emotional empathy with marital satisfaction (p ≤ .01). Conclusion: To alleviate or reduce the burden on mothers of children with cerebral palsy, fathers must actively participate in parenting. This collaboration enables both parents to solve problems and control negative emotions while supporting each other with a high level of emotional empathy, thereby fostering and enhancing marital satisfaction.

The presence of a suitable organization in the organization can improve performance and effectiveness, and as a result, increase the efficiency of organizations. Among the indicators that the organizational culture has an organizational effect according to its characteristics. This study was conducted with the aim of the effect of organizational culture on the organizational effectiveness of administrative staff with the mediation of organizational creativity in the employees of the education. The research method was correlational. The sample population was 172 employees based on Singh and Moscow's sample size determination table. data collect, Dennison's Organizational Culture Questionnaire (2000), Parsons (2005) Organizational Effectiveness Questionnaire (AGIL) and Dorabjee, Lumley, and Cartwright (1998) Organizational Creativity Questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's test as 0.88, 0.90 and 0.89 respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS25 and Lisrel8.8 software by structural equation modeling method. The findings of the research showed that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational creativity. Organizational creativity does not affect organizational effectiveness. Also, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on the organizational effectiveness of office employees through the mediating role of organizational creativity. It is suggested that managers increase the level of organizational creativity in themselves and the organization by rediscovering and recognizing the organizational culture and using its strengths. They can accelerate this by providing continuous and diverse training and using different methods in order to increase the level of knowledge and improve job skills.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of dysfunctional schemas, dark personality traits, emotional inhibition, and shame in predicting unsatisfactory sexual relations of couples. Methods:  The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its implementation method; it is a descriptive and correlational study. In the current research, the research community was formed by all couples with sexual dissatisfaction in Tabriz city in 1401. 160 of these couples were selected by voluntary sampling method and Hudson et al. (1981) sexual satisfaction scale questionnaires, Jonason and Webster's Dirty Dozen questionnaire (2010), Yang schema questionnaire (2003), Kellner's emotional inhibition questionnaire (1986) and Cohen, Wolff, Guilt, and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation), correlation coefficient, and regression were used, observing the statistical assumptions in regression theories. Penter and Insko (2011) were completed. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: The findings showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) were positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The correlation coefficient results showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) was positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The results of regression analysis showed that The value of the coefficient of determination for the variables of ineffective schemas, narcissism, emotional inhibition, and shame had been obtained as 0.403, 0.336, 0.347 and 0.329, respectively, and it means that sexual dissatisfaction variable is 40.3% by Dysfunctional schemas can be predicted by 33.6% narcissism, 34.7% by emotional inhibition and 32.9% by shame; where the significance level for these variables was less than 0.05, it can be concluded that this effect is significant. Conclusion:  It is possible to reduce sexual dissatisfaction in couples with programs that reduce dysfunctional schemas, dark personalities, emotional inhibition, and shame.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict distress tolerance in the elderly based on experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study. The population included all elderly individuals aged between 65 and 80 years who visited community centers in Tehran in 2022, from whom a sample of 300 was selected using cluster sampling. The Emotional Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), the Spiritual Intelligence Scale by King (2008), and the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Gámez et al. (2011) were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Findings: The results indicated that experiential avoidance significantly negatively predicted distress tolerance. Additionally, spiritual intelligence significantly positively predicted distress tolerance. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that this predictive model could serve as an effective framework in counseling and psychotherapy centers to enhance distress tolerance among the elderly.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-focused couple therapy on conflict resolution styles among conflicting couples in Shiraz. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. The statistical population included all conflicting couples who visited the Fajr Counseling Center in Shiraz in 2022, from whom 45 couples were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: integrated behavioral couple therapy, schema-focused couple therapy, and a control group. The Rahim Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire was used as the measurement tool. Experimental group one underwent a 16-session program of integrated behavioral couple therapy, and experimental group two a 13-session program of schema-focused couple therapy, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: Results indicated that both interventions, integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-focused couple therapy, were effective in addressing conflict resolution styles. There was a difference in the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-focused couple therapy on conflict resolution styles. Conclusion: Based on the findings, both treatments are effective for couples' conflict resolution styles, but the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy is reported to be more effective.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on negative automatic thoughts and negative affect in depressed women. Methods: The design of this study was applied and quasi-experimental, featuring pre-test and post-test stages with two experimental groups and one control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all women diagnosed with depression who visited a private counseling center in Tehran in 2023. A convenience sample of 30 participants was randomly assigned equally to the two experimental groups and one control group. The Watson and Tellegen (1985) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Hollon and Kendall (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, applying three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Findings: Results indicate significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for both therapies in terms of negative affect and negative automatic thoughts (p < .01), demonstrating the significant efficacy of both treatment modalities. No significant differences were found between post-test and follow-up scores (p > .05). Analysis using the Bonferroni test shows no significant difference in the efficacy of the two approaches on problem-solving components (p > .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are effective in reducing negative affect and negative automatic thoughts in depressed women, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training based on the theories of Tolman and Bandura on the problem-solving styles of middle school students. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all female first-year middle school students in Hamadan, with a sample size of 75 students (three groups of 25), selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The D'Zurilla, Nezu, and Maydeu-Olivares problem-solving questionnaire (2000) was used for data collection. Problem-solving training sessions based on Tolman's theory followed a protocol provided by Tolman (1932), and those based on Bandura's theory followed a protocol by Bandura (1999), conducted over eight 60-minute weekly sessions for two months. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and the Scheffé post hoc test. Findings: There were differences in the impact of training based on these theories on students' problem-solving styles (P < .01). Training based on Tolman's theory was more effective in reducing the use of negative and impulsive problem-solving styles compared to training based on Bandura's theory (P < .01). Conclusion: These trainings increased the use of positive and logical orientation styles and decreased the use of negative, avoidant, and impulsive styles among students.

Supported employment is a successful approach in the vocational rehabilitation of adults with intellectual disabilities, and is highly dependent on job coaching. Therefore, the current study was conducted to identify job coaching skills affecting supported employment in Adults with intellectual disability. Articles and dissertations were checked in ScienceDirect, Sagepub, Eric, Wiley, Springer, Pubmed, ProQuest, Noormags, Sid, Magiran, and Irandoc in the period 2005 to 2023; using a combination of expressions including “supported employment”, and “job coaching” and “intellectual disability” were reviewed. Hence, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the results of 43 eligible studies were extracted and analyzed by the Attride-Storling method. Consequently,85 basic themes, 13 organizing themes, and 5 global themes were identified and the five-faceted model of job coaching model was designed. In other words, the factors affecting supported employment can be summarized as emotional skills, general skills, specialized skills, knowledge of culture and community, and business skills. The results of this study showed that the use of the supported employment approach can be effective when the aspects of job coaching are considered to reduce the unemployment of people with intellectual disabilities and help their economy.