درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This article sheds light on the symbiotic relationship between academics and Google's propagandistic endeavors to normalize the unilateral exploitation of user data. While technology enthusiasts often praise Google's innovations, little attention is given to the company's trajectory from a small start-up to a global behemoth. The authors argue that academia plays a significant role in fostering a sense of gratitude among users for Google's services, despite relinquishing their rights and privacies. Google's substantial financial support for academic conferences and grants to researchers fuels the narrative that its data usage is both legitimate and altruistic. However, this paper reveals instances where Google has exerted pressure on academics to produce favorable articles and penalized those who refused to comply, effectively influencing academic discourse to bolster its image as a benevolent corporation.

Purpose: The aim of tis research was presenting model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making of staff levels in education of Tehran. Methodology: Present research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was quantitative. The study population was the principals and employees of the staff level of education ministry and the principals and teachers of secondary high schools of Tehran city in the academic years of 2018-19, which based on Cochran's formula from them, were selected 440 people by simple random and multi-stage cluster sampling methods. To collect data was used from 37-items researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity was confirmed by experts and the structure validity of instrument was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was calculated 0.94 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making had six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based. Also, the mentioned model had a good fit and all six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based had a significant direct effect on the rotation from centralization to reducing of focus (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarded to the results of the present study through improving the components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based can be achieved from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making.

Purpose: Considering the role and importance of passion in elementary students, the present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and standardizing passion quotient test in elementary students. Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The population of this research was elementary students in District 5 of Tehran city in the academic year of 2019-20, which number of 500 people of them was selected as a sample by multi-step cluster sampling method. For passion quotient was prepared a researcher-made test (20 items) and its psychometric indices were examined. For this purpose, the content validity of the instrument was calculated by opinion experts, its structural validity was calculated by exploratory factor analysis by principal components method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and combined methods. For analyze data were used from SPSS-25 and LISREL-8.8 statistical software. Findings: The results showed that the content validity of the instrument was confirmed by opinion experts and its construct validity by factor analysis method indicated the existence of four factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships. The reliability of total and factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships with Cronbach's alpha method were calculated 0.94, 0.88, 0.70, 0.90 and 0.71, respectively and with combined method were calculated 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.91 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusion: Passion quotient test with four factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships had good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to investigate and measure the passion quotient of elementary students to plan to improve their passion and motivation.