درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One of the most important basic human issues is the education, which has always been considered by many thinkers. The issue of education has gone a long way from the past to the present; so that in the contemporary world, it has entered new realms with the emergence of new schools such as pragmatism and postmodernism. One of the most important of these arenas is the emergence of critical thinking in the field of education. Critical education is a theory in the field of education that emphasizes the development of critical thinking and knowledge of students, and the curriculum elements are designed in such a way that critical knowledge of political, cultural, economic and social developed in it. Thinkers such as Paulo Freire , Henry Giroux, Michael Apple, Jurgen-Habermas and Peter McLaren, who plotted and made their point of view. The present research sought to determine the main elements of the curriculum of critical education based on the views of theorists on this field. Identifying the philosophical and social foundations and determining the main elements of the curriculum, such as the role of school, teacher, student, and evaluation, finding teaching methods and curriculum content in critical education, emphasizing the notion of prominent scholars of this field were among the goals of this research. First, the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and then the foundations and elements of the curriculum in postmodernism and critical education were examined and then the views and ideas of the major theorists of this field were analyzed. The findings of this research made it clear that prominent scholars of this field followed humanists in their philosophical and psychological foundations and to achieve their educational goals, which were critical awareness, propose a problem and in this case, dialogue played an essential role.

Purpose: The project of identifying and leading gifted students (Shahab) was implemented between 2014 and 2015 Education Year by the National Elites Foundation in cooperation with Education Ministry in some regions of all provinces of Iran. Methodology: The project’s main goal was to identify, distinguish and guide the gifted students in elementary and junior education and paving the way to support them in higher education. The project will include all regions in all provinces in the coming years. In our research, teachers of fourth grade elementary schools attempted to evaluate and qualify students by using a pre-defined check list. It tried to understand the challenges and impediments of implementing Shahab project in Shahryar, a suburb of Tehran. Using descriptive and survey methods, it investigated the viewpoints of more than 175 teachers (85 males and 90 female) in fourth grade elementary schools. The interviews were elected randomly and the questionnaire included 40 closed questions in 8 fields and recognized the main obstacles of implementing Shahab project. Taking into consideration descriptive statistical indices, the author has used the Chi-square test one-variable and two variables tests in analyzing gathered information. Findings: The findings demonstrated that the male and female teachers have different ideas regarding challenges and obstacles of the Shahab project. Males believed that the main challenges are check list and method of identifying overqualified students on the one hand and the attitudes of parents on the other. This is while the females expressed that education- related issues and execution factors are the main problems. Conclusion: Putting aside the gender factor, it is argued that teachers see the check list and method of identifying gifted students as the main challenges in implementing Shahab project in Shahryar city.

Take comprehensive and holistic social harm, risks and damage. Check the rights of consumers, from this perspective, a new look and dynamic, because the causes, effects and risk of non-compliance with consumer rights as a kind of social harm, discussed and examined. The first goal of manufacturers of goods and services in the economic cycle profitability. In fact, growers intend to sell their products and earn money in this regard, in some cases, consumer rights, the most important manufacturers of survival is to be applied. Disregard the social consequences of mistrust producers to consumers' rights, prosperity foreign goods, intangible victimization and lack of support from the government and bring the manufacturer. The authors of this paper shows that the foundations of Consumer Rights to the pathology violation of consumer rights and finally conclude that the population of consumers as a single entity, need to deal with the lawsuit group and institution building spontaneous, and finally, the request to amend the consumer protection Act, the community's social ills and dangers, is protected

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Diamond-Levitt and knowledge management, organizational effectiveness, in PNU Kermanshah province. The study was a descriptive - survey. The population of the study, 470 employees of Payame Noor University in Kermanshah province, are included. Using Cochran formula, 212 people were selected. Materials and method: Data collection tools, questionnaires Diamond Levitt, and knowledge management researcher, and organizational effectiveness Parsons (1969). Questionnaire, approved three professors, and reliability with Cronbach's alpha for diamonds Levitt, knowledge management and organizational effectiveness, respectively (86%, 82% and 77%) are. Findings: By SPSS and LISREL, research data were analyzed. The results of the analysis and stepwise linear regression, 95% indicated that the diamond Levitt knowledge management variables (0.226), and organizational effectiveness (0.227) and knowledge management and organizational effectiveness (0.178), have a significant positive effect. The results of the study showed that, in effect Diamond Levitt knowledge management, organizational effectiveness as a mediator (0.263) is. Discussion: Also in this study to test the conceptual model, structural equation modeling was used, the results of direct effects diamond variable Levitt, knowledge management, (0.87) and organizational effectiveness (0.66), and the direct effect of knowledge management on organizational effectiveness (0.52), and the indirect effect and the effect of variable diamond-Levitt, organizational effectiveness, respectively (0.69) and (0.11) is indicated and the t-statistic is also witness to the significance of the results is. Finally, the mediating role of knowledge management, the relationship between the Diamond-Levitt, and was supported organizational effectiveness, so that the diamond Levitt indirect impact on organizational effectiveness, with the role of knowledge management (indirect effect = 0.69), Levitt diamonds larger than the direct impact on organizational effectiveness (direct effect = 0.66) is. The above results indicate fit (RMSEA = 0.072 and GFI=0.93) was the optimal model.

Purpose: A teaching organization is one whose members are all teaching and learning. This study investigated the model of teaching organization for Farhangian University. Materials and Method: To this end, 35 experts and clear sighted individuals working in this university and are aware of this university function were interviewed and data were elicited. The method was the systematic plan of data-based theory. Measuring validity of data using interviewees and experts' comments and estimating reliability through experimental interviews were done. Findings: The results during 3 steps of open, axial and selective coding indicated 54 components, which were in a paradigm model including: hardware infrastructures (educational equipment, physical space and new technologies); software infrastructures (proper curriculum programming, organizational and media relations, organizational atmosphere, organizational value internalization, ideas and organizational subjective patterns, financial resources management, paving the way for mutual learning, members cooperation in mutual learning, organizational culture of teaching and scientific-social networks); thought ware infrastructures (human capitals, inter-members mutual trust, management subjective pattern, edge, members empowering, members attitude and mentality, members energy and motivation and teachable points of view); social factors, informational and technical factors, political factors, value factors, economic factors, environmental-biological factors, and team learning, common perspective, systemic thought, personal dominance, subjective models, producing knowledge and conveying knowledge. Discussion: They are reflected the model of a teaching organization for Farhangian University.

Purpose: According to statistic research, more than ninety percent of payment of debt and transferring banking resources was done with check. So, providing its executive security is undeniable necessity. For this reason, legislators enacted draft that whose title is draft of revision check cod. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis method. In the organization of research, the documentary and library methods have been used and the information analysis has been obtained qualitatively and based on the inference of the researcher on the sources and texts. Findings: Accordingly, writers with legal and economic approach and with research of its efficiency and improving its defects goal want to answer to two question. The first question is what point was ignored in past cods until legislators decide to amend it? And second question is, is draft come back efficiency to legal system by improving last defects? Conclusion: In answer should tell: the important of previous rules is neglecting of remedy’s capacity. why so, legislators help to promise after breach of contract in previous rules while in this draft they focus to preventive remedy and try to increase efficiency of check by revealing of information. this subject based on credit feature of obligating and prohibition deal with hight risk and delete removing failure market.