درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

To be in line with the new environmental paradigms, the present study aims to design an Eco-friendly marketing pattern in Iran’s oil industry. The methodology is a sequential exploratory one. In the qualitative section, grounded theory is used. The creative data were gathered through a theoretical sampling of in-depth, semi-structured interviews of 15 experts from the oil industry. The initial model of the research was achieved with 19 (major) factors which were divided into 6 aspects according to the experts’ views: causal circumstances, the major factor, background circumstances, interventions, strategies and consequences. Next, in the quantitative section, the validity of the research was investigated through a surveying method and the questionnaire tool. The statistical population includes a limited number of managers and experts from the oil industry in research and planning fields, counting up to 170 people from whom 118 were selected through random sampling. After evaluating the reliability of the questionnaire, the questions themselves were validated and their number was narrowed down. Carrying out an explanatory factor analysis, the components were reduced to 14 and the dimensions to 5. The relationship between the dimensions was assessed through the correlation test and then the final pattern was designed. Eventually, the theory of the study was developed under the supervision of experts. The significant results of this study were finding the interventions, including productivity, governmental support, social institutions, and sustainable development along with the strategies, including reviewing the energy section structure, improving the managers’ perspectives and developing the green investments.

Nowadays, knowledge and information is the largest asset of organizations and human beings and having it can lead to a powerful and certainly valuable organization. The purpose of this study is to identify the suitable knowledge acquisition and transfer tools in the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). This study is applied in terms of purpose and case study from the point of view of strategy. Given the economic conditions of the NIOC as well as the need for maximum use of the knowledge, experience and skills, it is essential to identify the more effective ways of transferring knowledge, especially to the new entrances. Using the mixed method, in the qualitative section identified the tools of knowledge acquisition and transfer by studying leading oil companies in the world in knowledge management and using the expert panel, the appropriate tools for NIOC were determined. In the quantitative part of the research using questionnaire tools and group analytical hierarchical Process (AHP) method, knowledge acquisition and transfer tools were prioritized. Findings demonstrate that the NIOC can be effective in organizing the available knowledge by focusing on community of practice, peer assist, community of learning and lessons learned.

This study investigates the return connectedness across the major Middle East and North Africa (MENA) stock markets, Brent crude oil, and Gold, from April 2008 to July 2019 using the frequency-domain framework and causality among these markets. Three different periods, including the short term, medium term, and long term are considered to analyze the interconnectedness of markets. The results of the study indicate that the markets are more connected and speculative in the short term, thus there is less chance of portfolio diversification among these markets in the short term. The QE general contributes more to the Brent crude oil market in the short term, and Tadawul has more connectedness with this market in other timeframes. Moreover, among MENA stock markets, the QE general contributes more to the short term and medium term and ADX general has more influence on other markets in the long term. The financial crisis of 2008 and the oil price crash during 2014 increased the total return connectedness of these markets with the shocks having long-lasting effects. The findings of this study can offer new insights to policymakers and investors. JEL Classification: C18, C32, G15

The causality between tourism growth and economic growth would not be very accurate regardless of the environmental factors affecting them such as the oil revenues. The present study investigates the effects of oil revenues on the causality between them, to present the difference between the two variables in oil-exporting countries. We examined the causal relationship using Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s model (2012) and the trivariate method in 9 oil-exporting countries from 1996 to 2019. The results show a one-way causal relationship between economic growth and tourism promotion in two variate causality but no relationship was found between them in trivariate. However, one-way causality is weakened when oil revenues are introduced. The causality of economic growth is not confirmed in the presence of oil revenues, as the causal relationship in the two-variable test is affected by the abundance of oil revenues. JEL Classification: F49, L83, O47, C21, C23

As one of the most important components of the financial market, the stock market plays a significant role in facilitating the transfer of financial resources to the productive sector; therefore, identifying the factors that influence this market and the response of this market to shocks that occur has always attracted the interest of policymakers and analysts. The present study focuses on the response of stock market returns of major oil-importing countries to the oil price shock, oil supply shock, and aggregate demand shock over the period 2010-2019 using the Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) method. Based on the extracted impulse response functions (IRFs), the response of the stock market index to the oil price shock and the oil supply shock is negative, while the response of the stock market index to the aggregate demand shock is generally positive. The results of variance analysis show that the oil price shock, oil supply shock, and aggregate demand shock have the largest impact on the fluctuations of the stock market index, and indicate the selected oil-importing countries have taken measures to hedge their stock market against the oil price shock during the crisis period. JEL Classification: C58, E44, G10, Q43

Given that changes in interest rates can only partly empower financial authorities to enhance the country’s economy, there has been a major shift toward outcomes of fiscal policies, particularly after the big financial crises and the global recession. Thus, the government’s spending plans are implemented to motivate the economy. The present study aims to investigate government expenditure shocks on consumption spending, private investment, and financial cycles during 2005-2018 using the Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model. The findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between government expenditure shocks and consumption spending and private investment. The findings show a crowding out effect between government spending shock and the private sector in Iran. However, you can see a positive relationship between GDP and the private sector. Moreover, these shocks can lead to a positive impact on GDP accordingly. However, government expenditure shocks may only have short-term effects on business cycles because of the instabilities and uncertainties in government spending. JEL Classification: H11, H3, H5 .