درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Regarded to the importance of professors' effectiveness, the purpose of this study was structural modeling of the impact of entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment on professors' effectiveness with the mediating role of satisfaction from organizational climate among professors of Islamic Azad University of Urmia Branch. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of quantitative. The research population was the professors of the Islamic Azad University of Urmia Branch in the 2020-21 academic years, which based on the Cochran's formula the sample size was estimated 227 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method according to different colleges. The research instruments of the present study were the Questionnaires of entrepreneurial thinking (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 1990), professional commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990), professors' effectiveness (Salimi & Ramezani, 2014) and satisfaction from organizational climate (Bontis, 1998). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-21 and SmartPLS-2 software. Findings: The results showed that entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment had a positive and direct effect on satisfaction from organizational climate and professors' effectiveness and satisfaction from organizational climate had a positive and direct effect on professors' effectiveness. Also, entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment had a positive and indirect effect on the professors' effectiveness with the mediating role of satisfaction from organizational climate (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, to improve the professors' effectiveness can be used by promoting entrepreneurial thinking, professional commitment and satisfaction from organizational climate.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of visionary leadership and empowering leadership of school principals On Teacher's Change Tendencies by mediating role of teachers’ organizational learning and professional development. The research population was all the primary school teachers of Kurdistan province. Of those, 364 teachers were selected by proportional stratified random sampling based on the Cochran's Formula. The research method was a quantitative correlational study based on the covariance based structural equation modeling approach. To collect data, the empowering leadership questionnaire (Ahearn, Mathieu and Rapp, 2005); visionary leadership questionnaire (Kanger and Kanango, 1998); Organizational learning questionnaire (Garcia Morales et al., 2006); professional development questionnaire (Nova's, 2008) and tendency to change questionnaire (Dunham et al, 1989) were used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used by Lisrel software. The results showed that: visionary and empowering leadership of school principals had a direct, positive and meaningful effect on teachers' organizational learning, teachers' professional development and teachers' change tendencies. They had also a positive and significant indirect effect on teachers' change tendencies through organizational learning and professional development. The variables of visionary and empowering leadership of school principals, teachers' organizational learning, and teachers' professional development were able to explain 0.13 of the variance of teachers' change tendencies.

Applying grounded theory (GT) as a systematic methodology, this study was to present a model for the career path adaptability (CPA) of teachers. The statistical population consisted of the experts and teachers affiliated to the Department of Education (DoE) in Iran, in the 2018-19 academic year calendar, and the samples (n=17) were selected based on snowball sampling, as a purposeful method. For this purpose, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used as the data collection tool, and the data were then analyzed via content analysis with coding. In this line, the central phenomenon, accompanied by the main categories and subcategories, was extracted. To code the given data, 198 codes were initially identified, and 41 subcategories were subsequently formed. To validate the interviews, triangulation, member checking, and peer review were further practiced. Besides, the test-retest and inter-rater reliability techniques were exploited for the reliability purposes. In accordance with the GT outcomes, CPA as the central phenomenon was realized with respect to causal conditions, viz., organizational, career-related, personal conditions, through the strategies of career advancement, learning and training, human resources (HR) attraction/selection/recruitment, and motivation, by taking account of effective underlying conditions, namely, HR development requirements, motivational conditions, organizational culture, and leadership style. However, this phenomenon, not protected from economic, political, organizational, and personal contexts, as the intervening factors, had induced a number of outcomes, e.g., a descending trend in leaving one’s job, increased job satisfaction, higher levels of organizational commitment, delegation of authority, and cost reduction for the DOE and teachers. Ultimately, the study results gave rise to designing a CPA model for teachers, containing a central phenomenon, along with causal conditions, underlying conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes.

Although information and communication technology (ICT) is discussed in different aspects of education for a long time and numerous scholarly works have been published by Iranian researchers in Persian and English, but a study that illustrates the whole status of published works is not yet conducted. There is no reliable source to display the body of knowledge produced in this field. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate state of the art of ICT in educational system of Iran through a systematic review of scientific published papers. The present research aims in identifying, interpreting and describing the topics and approaches used by the Iranian authors to study ICT in the educational system of Iran. Achieving the identity or knowledge base of this field is performed with an descriptive-interpretive approach in order to perceive the status of technology application in the educational system of Iran. The research population includes all articles published in the journals of Education and ICT. In this regard, research articles in the field of ICT in the educational system in both Persian and English languages were searched in databases between 2001 and 2022. By using the systematic review method, a list of related keywords and concepts were searched in Persian and English databases which include related journals. After conducting the initial search and applying the inclusion criteria, 112 articles were included in the study. Finally, a detailed review and in-depth investigation was conducted by using qualitative content analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, four dimensions of ICT in the educational system were extracted: “Leadership”, “Professional development”, “Assessment”, and “Teaching-learning process”. Analyses shows that these dimensions are not considered evenly. Sub topics of these four areas as well as ignored areas are discussed. Also, future directions are proposed

performance management has become one of the most effective incentive tools. The performance of school principals in the field of leadership has been less investigated. This research was conducted with the aim of Predicting the performance of school principals in leadership based on spiritual intelligence and spirituality at workplace with the mediation of organizational intelligence. The correlation research method was based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was all the public and girls’ senior high schools’ principals of Tabriz (N=270). The sample size is 160 people based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan with stratified random sampling. Albrecht's organizational intelligence questionnaires, King's spiritual intelligence questionnaires, Milliman's spirituality at work, as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of school principals' performance in leadership were used to collect data. The psychometric properties of the questionnaires are valid and reliable. PLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the structural equation model showed (P<0.05): the ability to predict the leadership performance of principals based on spirituality at work and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of organizational intelligence at a high level (R2 = 0.85) and the ability to predict organizational intelligence based on spiritual intelligence was significant (Total effect = 0.86). There is a significant positive relationship between spiritual intelligence, spirituality at work and organizational intelligence with performance (P<0.05). Based on research results, promoting spiritual and organizational intelligence in principals, as well as promoting spirituality at work in schools can improve the leadership performance of principals