درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Although in most of the rural development plans, relocation of informal settlements is often considered as an efficient solution to increase safety of rural communities against natural and man-made disasters, such as, earthquakes, fire hazards, floods, etc. an evaluation of recent experiences in the relocation projects show that the relocated community is often unsatisfied with the new residential areas. In most cases, the new residential areas are advantageous in compare to the informal settlements in terms of utility infrastructures and architecture design but the public remain reluctant to migrate to the new place. This paper, tries to evaluate the role of Community participation in the process of informal settlements relocation projects in Kerman province, an Iranian south-eastern state, by measuring people's evaluation of their own participation in the process of decision-making during five key relocation phases, namely, choice of new location, methods of relocation, architectural design of the new areas, construction procedures and supervision on the whole project. Questionnaire survey was employed to gather these data and was followed by statistical analysis (by SPSS software) in order to approve meaningful relationships. The results showed that lack of community participation had been responsible for a number of uninhabited settlement projects and some unfinished construction projects during the whole relocation process.

For over the past several decades, there has been a great concern about energy crisis and lack of non-renewable resources. Residential buildings take more than 25% of the total energy consumption and more than 75% of energy consumption in these buildings is for heating, cooling and hot sanitary water. On the other hand, traditional buildings of Iran were designed according to ecological conditions upon which, winter or summer sections were built. In this article, first, winter section of Yazd traditional homes, which are in hot-arid region and its thermal behavior, will be studied. This computer simulation is done and vaلیداted with energy-plus software, and temperature changes of these sections were measured with lascar electronics data logger. The results confirmed its reliability. Second, sections with different proportions such as three-door room, five-door room and seven-door room in different orientations, and their thermal behavior are analyzed and compared. So the thermal behavior of winter sections in Yazd traditional homes during a year shows that in winter, the proportions of five-door room in northwest orientation is better than others.

The design of tourist walkways and developments of strategies for more prolonged presence of people at ancient contextures are considered as vivid multiple procedures in protecting of contexture, tour guiding and urban sustainability. Sهادیng in open spaces and pathways, especially in tourist areas, is one of the most important factors in providing the thermal comfort perception. So in innovation of architectural sهادیng samples, some strategies and variable sunshades are needed by consideration of climate changes in any specified area and the changes of the sun position in the sky during days and different times of the year, alternately. This study analyzes the proportion of the thermal comfort in one of the tourist paths of the Zandieh complex located in Shiraz. This path lacks the appropriate function based on the researches by the thermal comfort means, so identifying a path and an appropriate place pause concerning climate conditions, environment, bed and contexture of specified area, presents you a suitable and effective pattern of a sunshade for the mentioned path, towards urban sustainability. This research is carried out by practical and scientific method of descriptive and bottom-up type. New hypothesis are generated from collected data. Data collection is based on library and metrical method.

In recent years many transformations have occurred in Iranian society and women and girls still have a lot of worries about comes to urban public spaces. Also, due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of public space in traditional Islamic cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the Kurdish cities, the main problem of this paper is how we can define a participatory approach to improvement of women’s safety in the urban public spaces of Saqqez city. This paper will exامینe the women’s participation role in the urban spaces safety by Participatory Urban Appraisal (PUA) model in south and north Imam Avenue, Republic Street and Quds avenue of Saqqez city.Applied methodology is based on librarian, documents and field studies. Statistical society of current research was including 200 citizens, experts and urban officials. In order to, sampling method is simple random sampling. Morgan's sample size estimation table was used to determine size of samples. Finally, Data’s were analyzed through SPSS and Excel software’s. It is presented some solve ways in the framework of SWOT strategy. Results showed that the index of city street furniture in Republic street with providing more favorable conditions of women's satisfaction with 29% of the Quds street, south Imam Khomeini street with 18% and 12% were in north Imam Khomeini street. Other indicators also had a similar situation. Finally, presented some solve ways using SWOT model.

Concerning the population growth and urban development, significant growth in the rate of personal car usage has caused more transportation and thus growth in occupying the street areas for parking vehicles. This has caused much transporting problems and traffic. Hence concerning the parking issue is crucial in traffic and municipal management.The important issue is the suitable place for the parking areas. If there would not be any demand for assessment and evaluation of the traffic and municipal criteria, the constructed parking area would not be much usable and cause some difficulties in transferring lines,thus the expenses paid for building the parking will be wasted.Hence, in this article, the influential indexes for parking place in three different areas of Qazvin are introduced and discussed. Regarding the qualitative municipal criteria, we have used the multi-criteria linear assignment method for comparing and considering the indexes and region, and finally rating these regions for parking.

Contemporary architecture by symbolic and visual design creates an image in the minds of tourists so that these images are then converted to urban brands. Combining symbolic monuments and modern buildings in the world today is a promising development of cities in many municipalities, municipalities and government agencies to freely and without regard to the needs of their local employs all the resources and capital to meet their local needs of foreign tourists in order to cope with the global tourism and earn easy money. This study discusses the importance of residential leisure complex architectural impact on the tourism industry tried using smooth transition regression (STR) and annual data from 1978 to 2007 time period attempts to exامینe the impact of a residential entertainment complex nonlinear architecture tourism infrastructure in the tourism industry. Results confirm the impact of tourism on nonlinearity residential resort complex architecture that entertainment complex architecture has resided in both the positive and significant effect on the tourism industry during the period. It should be noted that a threshold value of tourism infrastructure is set 608/20 percent. In addition, the results showed that the release rate of exchange is a significant positive effect on tourism in Iran.

In this paper, a house is assumedas an expression of culture. It has been tried to study a Qajar1 house in Tabriz, in terms of its ties with cultural context.Methods and viewpoints of Amos Rapoport have been used in order to identify and peruse the circumstance of this relationship. The main reason for using Rapoport's viewpoints to understand Salmasi House, as a case study, in addition to contribute to cognition of this house and its relations, is presenting a method to understand many Iranian architecture samples. To explain the ties between built environment and culture, Rapoport has proposed several definitions and approaches according to environment-behavior studies. To study the house, Rapoport's has used a three-step approach, including, dismantling, analyzing, and synthesizing. At first, according to these approaches, two concepts of culture and built environment have been dismantled to variables and components. Then relationship among the variables and relationship among the components have been analyzed. At the final step, the variables have been reassembled and synthesized. Their interrelationships and their ties have been established, in order to understand the essential linkage between house form and its cultural context. The required data has been collected from three sources, direct interview with former inhabitants of Salmasi house to acquainting life and quality of behavior in house. Preliminary studies to acquainting the context of case studies, study the form of the house. The results indicate the adjustment of the form of Salmasi House with wishes, needs and totally cultural characteristics of its inhabitants.

This paper investigates the function of windcatchers in dry regions in Middle East and compares them in different fields in two areas including Yazd-Iran, and Egypt. The study exامینes windcatchers in these areas in terms of cooling system and forms, with different plans, forms, constituent components and decorations.Reassessment of windcatchers in these areas can shed light on these differences. Survey was carried out by systematic comparison sampling. Comparison of windcatcher components and performance in two areas of the Middle East can result in a comprehensive understanding of the differences in these two areas. However, to keep factors affecting windcatcher components constant, two windcatchers in two similar regions are investigated.Case comparison between windcatchers in Iran and Egypt in terms of the constituent components can be informative about the windcatcher architecture in two regions with similar climates and different cultures and can give us general knowledge of the issue. Findings of the research have shown that windcatchers have formed a cooling system in the Middle East traditional buildings and their primary function is conditioning using the wind renewable energy. The cooling system works in two ways: through displacement and displacement and evaporation. The latter has been particularly used for hot and dry climate. In hot and arid regions of the Middle East, the windcatcher shapes were determined according to the prevailing wind direction.

As cited in the constitution of the Islamic republic of Iran, it's one of the responsibilities of the government to provide appropriate housing for the people of Iran. The main aim of current study was to assess satisfaction rate of a Mehr housing residents in Fars province, southwest of Iran. Randomly selected heads of 100 households residents of Abadeh Mehr housing for at least 1 year were asked a couple of questions about characteristics of households, employment status, level of satisfaction with indexes of the present accommodation, social quality rate of the complex, urban access situation, and satisfaction about general aspects of Mehr housing. Residents were generally satisfied with the security status and accessibility to the public services of neighborhood. Most of the residents stated that their housing problem has been resolved by the Mehr housing. In contrast, poor access to city center as well as public transportation services and inappropriate cultural status were reported as the main drawbacks of the site.

Though Muslims have been living in Nepal from the 15th century, they have started practicing their religious activities freely only after enactment of new civil code in 1963. This paper aims to explore the potentials and problems on the existing mosques, perception of the religious structures by Muslim community and analysing of existing legal and institutional framework before drawing a conclusion. The research methodology consists of combination of field visit and collection of detailed information, structured questionnaire survey and consultation with local leaders and municipal staffs. Detailed analysis of ‘Jame Masjid’ in Kathmandu and another ‘Masjid’ at Trishuli Bazaar in Bidur reveals that these mosques have become the centre of practising Islamic culture, promoting brotherhood among Muslim communities, learning place of Islamic education, besides their sentimental attachment. Social harmony between Muslims and other religious communities together with coexistence of mosques and ‘madrasa’ with Hindu religious structures in the same vicinity has presented a unique situation. However, inadequate information, low level of awareness among the mosque visitors and above all lack of government’s specific plans and policies have hampered the conservation and development of mosque architectural and Islamic culture. To reverse this trend,development of mosques as Islamic cultural and community development centre, incorporation of salient features ofIslamic culture into local planning and building codes as well as in school syllabus and networking with domestic and international organisations working for local development is suggested.

Planners have regarded understanding urban use per capita since the beginning of new thinking of urban development. This was stared with its pragmatics toward primary comprehensive urban plans and became a source for urban development plans that have tried to adapt per capita and standards with country’s conditions. Iran's Supreme Council for Planning and Architecture, determined standards per capita within the act of “explaining definitions, urban use and their per capita” in 2009. In the article, 50 cities chosen as sample in order to criticize the act of Iran's Supreme Council for Planning and Architecture on some urban per capita and surveying the amount of compatibility of cities’ status in Iran with the mentioned act. Tables of current and suggested use are extracted using the comprehensive plan of each sample and the results are compared with the act of Iran's Supreme Council for Planning and Architecture. The method is descriptive- analytic and the research is applied in nature. Their research illustrates a great variance between cities status and the standard of ratification that had approved in Iran's Supreme Council for Planning and Architecture. Revision in some factors like population, position and economical elements helps us to correct the standard in order to improve the quality of life in our cities. The results imply that the act some issues such as different climates, role and position of functions and ethnic-cultural and economic problems are disregarded.