درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Ziwiye, as one of the key sites for Iran’s North West Iron Age (Median kingdom), has many masterpieces kept in different museums and a long list of publications. The main part of this list consists of monographs that are written based on one or more limited objects from an out of context collection. There are few articles that comprehensively include the findings “attributed Ziwiye” and “came from excavation”. However, many articles have been published about Zavieh’s findings, but parts of this collection still remain unknown and do not receive enough attention. The corpus of bone arrowheads is one of them, some of which were found during archaeological excavations while others came to museums from antiquities dealers. These include: the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, Musée du Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of Iran in Tehran, and the Sanandaj Archaeological Museum. This article aims to introduce and categorize 51 bone arrowheads. Some of these were registered as ivories, but our research concluded that all of these were made of bone. In few instances, the production manner prevented the proper identification of bone versus ivory. Another examined point in this research is whether such arrowheads were produced for actual warfare or for prestige and symbolic use in ceremonial events considering their bone material. The examined samples from other sites show that bone can be hard enough to penetrate game and human body even with light protection such as archery. Bone for making arrowheads was used for hunting big games and some tribes still use them.

Purpose: The monitoring system in sports organizations plays an important role in improving their quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive model for improving the monitoring system in sports organizations with a mixed approach. Methodology: In terms of purpose, the research was applied and in terms of the data collection method, it was mixed and exploratory. In the qualitative phase, the sample was 16 faculty members and experts related to the field of sports management, who were selected by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the sample was 200 employees of sports organizations who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed by coding methods and structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of the qualitative phase showed that the comprehensive model for improving the monitoring system in sports organizations has 69 open codes in the form of 10 main categories, including productivity, administrative health, individual platforms, transparency, superstructure, infrastructure, continuous evaluation, intra-organization, extra-organization, general supervision, special And he was smart. The findings of the quantitative phase showed that for the comprehensive model of the improvement of the monitoring system in sports organizations, 9 components including productivity, administrative health, individual platforms, transparency, superstructure, infrastructure, continuous evaluation, intra-organizational, extra-organizational, were identified, the factor loadings of which were all higher than 0.40, the average The extracted variance was all higher than 0.50 and the reliability was higher than 0.80. Also, the mentioned model had a good fit and the effects were significant. Conclusion: The identified categories and components for the comprehensive model of improving the monitoring system in sports organizations can help the officials of sports organizations in providing solutions to improve the activities of the organization.