درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the structural model of risky behaviors based on attention, memory, and inhibition systems with the mediating role of emotion regulation in female drug users. Methods: This research was descriptive-correlational and employed structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all drug users (marijuana) in Isfahan who visited addiction treatment centers during 2023. The sample included 200 female drug users (marijuana) selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Attention and Memory Improvement Software, Wechsler's Clinical Memory Test, the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scales (Carver & White, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), and the Risk-Taking Behavior Questionnaire (Lejuez, 2002). In this study, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to organize, summarize, and describe the characteristics of the participants and research variables. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation methods were employed for data analysis using SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software. Findings: Fit indices 0.599=PCFI, 0.611=PNFI, 2.88=CMIN/DF, 0.072=RMSEA, 0.913=IFI, 0.920=CFI, and 0.909=GFI indicated a good fit of the proposed model with the data. Hence, the proposed model is suitably fitted. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the structural model of risky behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation fits well for drug-using individuals.

The study of the symbiotic relationship between language and culture, along with the call for a rigorous theory and systematic investigative framework, has been a longstanding pursuit. In the past decade or so, Sharifian’s Cultural Linguistics (CL) has demonstrated its potential as a robust theoretical framework and a sharply honed investigative, analytical instrument with a multidisciplinary origin (including English as an International Language (EIL) to explore the interplay between language and culture. The present paper aimed at reviewing the applications of the CL approach and methodology in language-related studies. Arguing for the evolving role of culture in language education and research in the era of (post)digital revolution, this paper attempted to demonstrate the insights the theoretical and analytical frameworks of CL could bring to the realm of language teaching and learning. In so doing, as a starting point, the paper provides a concise overview of the principles and practices of the relatively novel interdisciplinary field of CL. First, the theoretical frameworks of the CL approach are described. This is followed by an explanation of the analytical frameworks of the CL methodology. Finally, some critical reflections on the CL’s approach and methodology are offered. This synopsis is then followed by a state-of-the-art account of the application of CL in language-related studies in the era of (post)digital revolution. The paper concludes with the future directions in such an interdisciplinary venture.

Le présent article explore les relations complexes entre le mahdisme et la démocratie religieuse dans le contexte des sociétés musulmanes contemporaines. Le mahdisme, ancré dans les traditions eschatologiques de l'islam, notamment dans le chiisme, repose sur l'attente du retour du Mahdi, une figure messianique qui instaurera une ère de justice divine. La démocratie religieuse, quant à elle, cherche à concilier les principes démocratiques modernes avec les valeurs religieuses islamiques, comme en témoignent des systèmes politiques tels que la République islamique d'Iran.  Pour cette fin, la méthode qualitative- comparative, basée sur l’analyse de documents religieux, politiques et des études académiques existantes en ce domaine a été utilisée et les données ont été collectées à l’aide de deux sources : sources primaires (textes religieux :  hadiths, versets coraniques), sources secondaires (articles académiques et les études contemporaines sur ce sujet). L'article examine les convergences et divergences entre ces deux concepts. D'un côté, le mahdisme projette une vision eschatologique où la justice est rétablie par une intervention divine, ce qui semble en tension avec les principes démocratiques de participation et de délibération humaine. D'un autre côté, la démocratie religieuse tente d'intégrer les valeurs islamiques dans des structures politiques modernes, en cherchant à équilibrer l'autorité religieuse et la souveraineté populaire. L'étude met en lumière les défis posés par cette coexistence, notamment les tensions entre la légitimité religieuse et les droits humains, la gestion de l'autorité politique, et les conflits d'interprétation des textes sacrés. Elle souligne également les opportunités offertes par cette interaction, notamment la possibilité de créer des systèmes politiques plus justes et inclusifs, fondés sur des valeurs religieuses partagées.

This article provides a philosophical analysis of identity within the context of artificial intelligence, from the perspective of Transcendent Philosophy (especially the views of Mulla Sadra) and contemporary philosophy. With the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence as one of the most significant innovations in computer science, issues such as the reconstruction of human identity and its comparison with natural intelligence have come to the fore. The paper examines the philosophical capacities and limitations of this phenomenon, exploring the perspectives of Mulla Sadra and John Searle, and offers a comparative analysis of their views on identity and consciousness in machines and artificial intelligence. According to the views of these two thinkers, artificial intelligence, despite its advancements, cannot achieve human identity, as it lacks essential characteristics such as consciousness, intentionality, and abstraction. Searle argues that artificial systems will never be able to attain genuine consciousness because understanding meaning and consciousness are intrinsic to the human brain and mind, qualities that cannot be attributed to machines. He consistently supports this belief through the Chinese Room experiment and various critiques of artificial systems.