درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of two cognitive factors, namely, personality traits and narrative writing intelligence (NWI) in L2 writing. The total of 416 English learners participated in this study in two different phases.<br /> For the purpose of this study, a narrative writing intelligence scale (NWIS) was designed and used to score the writings of the first group of participants which included 200 Iranian learners of English in an EFL institute. The first writing task, which was a film recounting, contributed to designing this scale. Randall’s (1999) definition of narrative intelligence was the guideline to design the primary draft of NWIS. All 200 written film recounting were scored by this scale. The scores were transferred to SPSS 18.0. and Exploratory Factor Analysis was run. NWIS’ construct validity and reliability were confirmed. Moreover, the underlying dimensions causing correlation among the observed variables were reduced in three factors which account for 57.47% of the variance of the scale. The factors were named as Unity of the plot, Identification (of characters, objects, and ideas), and Voice and Rhetoric. <br /> The second group, who were female university students of EFL, were given two tasks, namely, writing a memory and filling Big-Five Personality test. Their writings were evaluated twice; once by employing the NWIS and once by a tailor-made writing scoring guide taken from Weigle’s (2002) guideline. Transferring all scores to Amos. 20, a SEM model was proposed by the researchers. The result shows the proposed model has good fit indices.

The social contract has been about rights and responsibilities in human societies. Facebook and its role in manufacturing and sustaining a global social contract, a new “we” is clearly one of the research areas that needs more attention. A new “we” is coming of age in the new age of connectivity and communication with a new outlook toward responsibility and rights at individual and collective levels. Facebook purports to build a new world based on connection and communication which is based on progress and prosperity. However, a fundamental factor and feature of Facebook that needs attention and more research is that people and users are becoming increasingly lonely, separated and independent from each other in this process while connecting and communicating with one another. This new social contract and “we” thus have the new features of the relationship between the human agency and his/her social structures. Cyberspace is the product of human agency and clearly creates and sustains a specific social structure. This research seeks to study the relationship between human agency, changing technical tools of communication and connection and emerging and evolving social structures and social contracts. Bandura’s “social cognitive theory” (2006) rejects a conflict and dichotomy between agency and social structure. As agency helps to build new social structures after destroying the old ones these new structures create and sustain a new social contract and “we” with a new sense of responsibility, obligations, and rights.

La notion linguistique-littéraire de style et voix autre dans le genre romanesque renvoie, après la théorie de modalité énonciative (structure dictum-modus), proposée par le linguiste genevois Charles Bally (1932), en principe à la terminologie du linguiste et philosophe du langage littéraire Mikhaïl Bakhtine, pour sa fameuse thèse du dialogisme littéraire qui, une fois parue, a aussitôt remis en cause l’unicité du locuteur-sujet parlant. Selon cette réflexion, l’auteur, en l’occurrence Flaubert, n’est plus seule conscience narrative à faire son récit ; mais il y a là un autre être de discours (plus souvent le personnage principal) dont la voix, ou le point de vue se fait entendre tout à côté de celle du locuteur-narrateur. Madame Bovary est l’ouvrage qui occupe une place bien remarquable dans le développement du genre romanesque à partir de la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle, sachant que Flaubert a su introduire, par cette œuvre, la linguistique dans la littérature. Pour Flaubert, rien n’est plus soucieux que l’excellente mise en scène de la parole, ou la pensée de son personnage qui ne cesse de focaliser la perspective narrative. L’objectif de cet article est, tout en évoquant la théorie du dialogisme bakhtinien dont l’objet principal n’est que l’homme et son style dans le langage romanesque, d’approcher en gros la notion de la subjectivité langagière dans Madame Bovary à travers les outils linguistiques les plus remarquables tels : le procédé stylistique du discours indirect libre rapporté-DILR, l’autorité polyphonique, la parole doxique, les italiques, les questions rhétoriques, le passé simple subjectif, etc. qui tous trahissent l’hétérogénéité énonciative du discours romanesque flaubertien.