درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study explores the influence of dialogic reflective journals (DRJ), incorporated with guided collaborative critical reflection (GCCR), on critical thinking skills and professional identity development of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, framed by Schön's (1983) Reflective Practice Model and Korthagen's (2004) Onion Model. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 60 EFL teachers (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) over a semester. Quantitative data from pre- and post-intervention surveys were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests, while qualitative insights were derived from thematic analysis of DRJ entries and focus group interviews. Findings indicated significant enhancements in critical thinking and professional identity for the experimental group, with emergent themes of Ethical Mission Alignment, Collaborative Agency, Emotional Resilience, and Socio-Cultural Awareness extending Korthagen's model. These results underscore DRJ's efficacy in promoting transformative reflection, offering implications for EFL teacher training programs in Iran to mitigate barriers like workload and institutional rigidity.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the two concepts of time and space in postmodern lyric poetry of the two poets of the 1950s through the lens of the Heideggerian existential theory of time and space, which regards time as a horizon for understanding Being and distinguishes three different types of space: (1) world-space, (2) regions , and (3) Dasein's spatiality. To fulfill this objective, some selected poems of the two poets, including Allen Ginsberg and Ted Hughes, were analyzed temporally and spatially. The findings suggested that the two poets tend to treat time and space existentially and reject eternality. It was revealed that they are existential poets whose existence is manifested in their quest for identity within the immediate world or the global world as well as their concerns for their homeland and ideals. In their poems, time and space are intermingled with Being and reflect each individual’s relationship with the world. The result of the analysis of poems showed that their poetry is not just the language of imagination and perception, but also the language of existence. The world is regarded as an existential space-time continuum and being-in-the-world is the fundamental ontological situation for Dasein. Accordingly, the world, like poetry, is a disclosure of things in nearness or distance, which matters to human beings

Objective : This study examines the impacts of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) on product life extension and market dynamics. It investigates the relationship between the physical and emotional durability of products in the apparel supply chain, highlighting the importance of the secondary market in prolonging product life and value. By understanding the connections among producers, consumers, and the secondhand market, the study aims to develop a practical approach that helps planners derive optimal synergistic solutions, considering the needs of consumers, ecological considerations, and the economic factors within the apparel market. Methods : The interactions among consumers, producers, and the government are demonstrated through agent-based simulations across five scenarios. The market includes various groups of consumers to represent its heterogeneous nature. The simulation, conducted in NetLogo, models the behavior of both producers and buyers in the context of government intervention. Results : Simulation results indicate that EPR policies, combined with government interventions such as incentives, penalties, and regulations, can effectively promote the management of products at the end of their life cycle. In scenarios that utilized incentives, producers were more likely to buy and sell secondhand products, reducing the production of new items and increasing recycling rates. These results underscore the critical importance of collaboration among the government, the public, and producers to implement EPR policies successfully. Conclusion : Effective implementation of EPR policies requires government market intervention calibration. When the government applies a reward-and-penalty system to enforce EPR, product waste is reduced, and producer profitability surpasses other scenarios.