درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Poète avant-gardiste et co-fondateur de la revue Souffles en mars 1966, Abdellatif Laâbi n’en finit pas de ressembler à son œuvre. Certes, l’auteur ne peut échapper à sa création ni la création à sa vie, cependant les épreuves traversées ont aiguisé sa plume et forgé son verbe. Derrière le « je peux ce que j'écris » qui structure l’œuvre, on sent la présence d’un « je peux ce que je lis » de la part du lecteur. C’est dire que cette voix singulière et féconde qui se joue des modes esthétiques et transgresse les genres invite le lecteur à explorer ses territoires nourris de doutes profonds et d’interrogations brûlantes. Cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont l’engagement poétique de Laâbi évolue vers une forme d’engagement esthétique plus large, qui engage le lecteur dans un processus de coopération textuelle. En ce sens, l’analyse du concept de "mondes possibles", tel qu’il a été théorisé par Umberto Eco, permet de cerner cette ouverture et ce mouvement perpétuel caractéristique de l’œuvre laâbienne où le texte se conçoit comme un espace en perpétuelle recomposition, reflétant ainsi les potentialités multiples d’une résistance poétique à toute forme d’atteinte à la dignité humaine.

Purpose: Teachers are one of the most important pillars of the education system and play a crucial role within it. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a model for policy-making on empowerment and professional advancement of teachers, focusing on in-service training. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of objective and mixed in terms of implementation method, i.e., qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, the research population consisted of experts familiar with the research field, 10 of whom were selected using purposive sampling based on theoretical saturation and subjected to semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, in the quantitative section, the research population was teachers in the city of Neyshabur, 384 of whom were selected using random sampling according to the Krejcie and Morgan table and responded to a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on grounded theory in MAXQDA software, and quantitative data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: Qualitative findings indicated that causal conditions included three themes: social needs, changes in educational needs, and the creation of individual needs in teachers; the central phenomenon included three themes: value creation, problem solving, and scientific and practical training; contextual conditions included five themes: proper course implementation, course content richness, a suitable environment, proper planning, and teachers' mindset; intervening conditions included six themes: uncommitted and inexpert managers, improper performance evaluation, improper needs assessment, lack of teaching quality in courses, unconventional teaching methods, and a weak motivational system; strategies included ten themes: successful modeling, course content improvement, region-focused planning, accurate and scientific needs assessment of courses, removing teachers' individual barriers, changes in educational systems, improvement of physical conditions, employing experienced and expert instructors, providing motivational frameworks, and a suitable evaluation system; and outcomes included four themes: social outcomes, improvement in teachers' educational performance, job well-being of teachers, and psychological outcomes of teachers. Quantitative findings showed that the factor loading of all themes (except for 6 themes) was above 0.60, and the Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability of all of them were above 0.70. Additionally, the model for policy-making on empowerment and professional advancement of teachers, with emphasis on in-service training, had a suitable fit, and the effect of causal conditions on the central phenomenon, the effect of the central phenomenon, contextual conditions, and intervening conditions on strategies, and the effect of strategies on outcomes were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The designed model for policy-making on empowerment and professional advancement of teachers, focusing on in-service training, can assist planners in the education system to empower and advance teachers professionally through in-service training.