درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 week a selected aerobic exercise program on body composition, lipid profile, and working ability of employees involved overweight and obese. Method: In this semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group, 65 overweight employees were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. Then aerobic exercise program three sessions per week and each session 65-50 minutes, was performed for 12 weeks for the experimental group. The control group did not have such an intervention. Body composition indices, workability index and, lipid profile were measured before and after the training protocol for both groups. Data were analyzed using the covariance test (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced body composition indices, including (fat percentage, body mass index, and waist to pelvic ratio) and total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) the exercise group compared with the control group. The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the ability to work index of the exercise group also increased (P <0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that aerobic exercise could improve body composition, lipid profile and workability index, and prevented contracting chronic diseases, reducing their ability to work, and retiring early in overweight and obese employees.

Purpose: Creatine is the most important and commonly used supplement in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of moderate altitude and short-term Creatine supplementation on musculoskeletal damage indicators in male climbers. Method: 16 male hikers with at least 2 years of hiking experience selected. Subjects (age 30.6±6.3 yrs.), (height 178.3±6/4 cm), (weight 77.6±11.25kg) were randomly divided into experimental (Creatine supplement) and control groups (placebo). The experimental group consumed 20 gr/day of the supplement for 5 days, while the control group received a placebo. The first blood samples were taken before the hiking session at the location of program. Hiking program consisted of ascending to Tochal peak at an altitude of 3961m. The second blood samples were taken after returning from the peak at an altitude of 3750 meters. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test and K-S test with a significant coefficient of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between LDH and AST enzyme levels in post-test compared to pre-test in both AST (P = 0.13) and ALT (P = 0.001) levels Control group. Also, climbing to 4000 m altitude with Creatine supplementation had no significant effect on LDH (P = 0.78) and AST (P = 0.86) levels between groups. Conclusions: The results showed that changes in muscle damage enzymes are independent of Creatine supplementation.

Background: Plyometric training is defined as a quick, powerful movement involving a system of reactive exercises and an eccentric contraction, followed immediately by an explosive concentric contraction. Aim : This study aimed to determine the effect of plyometric and aerobic training on peak power and performance in female elite rowers. Materials and Methods: Sixteen female elite rowers with a minimum of 1 year’s competitive rowing experience were recruited to perform six weeks of plyometric or cycling endurance training for 30 min before practice on the water three days per week. Rowing performance was assessed through a 500-m rowing time trial (TT), while peak rowing power (PR) was evaluated by over three maximal trials of 15 s on the rowing ergometer. The recorded value for peak power was the highest wattage observed during the 15-s period. All statistics were performed using commercially available software (SPSS v. 23, Armonk, NY). Pre-planned t-test comparisons were used to determine significance at baseline in changes within both groups. Results: The results showed 500-m TT performance significantly improved for the plyometric group ( P < 0.05) but not for the endurance group ( P > 0.05). Moreover, PR was considerably higher in the plyometric group in post-test than endurance training. Conclusion: These results suggest that plyometric can improve rowing performance in female elite rowers, and rowing coaches should continue using this form of training. Coaches can perform plyometrics in conjunction with other strength training methods or as a warm-up before beginning rowing-specific training.

Background: The traditional approaches to strategic planning in the face of uncertainty of the environment have no inflexibility, and there is no appropriate response to it. Strategic Foresight systems are welcomed by creating a strategy in a highly competitive environment. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explain the effective demographic model of sections quad Iran's sports based on Strategic Foresight to end in 2036. Materials and Methods: The present research is in terms of applied purpose, qualitative nature and implementation path in foresight methods, environmental scanning and survey. The statistical population were faculty members of sports management with associate degrees and higher who were selected by combining sampling. Results: The experts approve the research model with GOF= 0.509. Also, development of academic disciplines in sport for all, land-use planning system in professional sport, per capita family income in championship sport, land-use planning system in educational sport as demographic key drivers were identified. Conclusion: The research model can be effective as a guide in anticipation of the future of sections quad Iran's sports and provided the basis for envisioning the future state and effective decision-making.

Background : People who use Outdoor fitness equipment in parks and gardens do not know how to use these machines and their use may cause them various types of injuries. Aim: Outdoor fitness equipment in parks from the perspective of sports injuries cognition was evaluated for people with hyperlordosis, chronic low back pain, and healthy individuals in two groups with and without a coach and training. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 middle-aged women with a mean and standard age deviation (48.96 ± 8.21 years) volunteered to participate in the study and were purposefully divided into two experimental groups (15 people). Controls (n = 15) were divided. There were 10 patients in each group with hyperlordosis and chronic low back pain and 5 healthy people. Pain intensity and lumbar lordosis angle were determined by VAS questionnaire and using a flexible ruler, respectively. The present study was performed for 60 minutes 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Results : After 12 weeks of training with training, a significant decrease in pain level ( P = 0.639, t= 0.481) was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group, but there was a significant difference in lumbar lordosis ( P = -1.246), t= 0.235) users were not observed. Discussion and Conclusion : The results of this study showed that working with Park Sports Equipment with the presence of a coach and proper training reduces back pain in users with chronic low back pain and develops the general health of users of these devices.

Background: There are relationships between exercise effect on mental health, especially negative emotions such as anxiety and stress. Aim : The aim study was the effect of participation in public sports activities based on the theory of planned behavior on the public health. Methods: This study is a descriptive correlation study with confirmatory factor analysis approach. Data was collected from 288 public sports participants of Tehran Municipality. Three standard questionnaires, including Goldberg General Health (1979) with 28 questions were used for collecting data. Results: Construct Variance extracted was 0.4, composite reliability 0.9 and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha 0.7. As a result, the convergence validity and reliability of the model were acceptable. Divergent validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the model were confirmed by first order and second order confirmatory factor analyses. The positive validity of all subscriptions for latent variables indicated the appropriate quality of the measurement model. In this model, it was found that regular physical activity combined with planned behavior had a direct effect of 53% (correlation 0.729) on general health. Conclusion: According to the structural equation model, it was found that regular physical activity combined with planned behavior has a direct effect of 58% on general health.

Football withdrawal has always created many psychological problems for players and it has had destructive effects on their health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perfectionism on the reduction stress and athletic burnout in football players. The statistical population of this study included all football players at youth level in Guilan, Iran. 378 players were selected as a sample size through random sampling method. A combination of valid and reliable standard questionnaires was distributed to collect the research data. Research hypotheses were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis (α≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between athletic burnout and positive perfectionism (-0.622), negative perfectionism (0.555), problem-oriented strategy (-0.358), and emotion-oriented strategy (0.401). According the results of this study, developing efficient plans with focusing on the psychological variables of perfectionism, stress, and athletic burnout can improve the coaches’ awareness of coaching behaviors as well as increasing athletes’ optimal mental performance and efficiency.

Generally, the music performances on sports activities are manifested and realized through the four mechanisms of reducing the feeling of tiredness, increasing excitement levels, creating harmony, and finally increasing calmness and the sense of comfort. This function becomes very important when considering that the music impact acts as a miracle doping in professional sports. Besides, the lack of enjoyment in sports activities is often mentioned as an obstacle to participation in sports activities. This article discussed, evaluated, and analyzed the research records in three main topics: 1. The benefits of music in sports activities, 2. The conceptual model for showing the different music impact in sports activities, and 3. The underlying mechanisms of music impact on sports. A scoping review of literature in sport and music field was conducted to fulfill the research objectives. Finally, the inference was made by proposing theories such as corresponding and induction of microscopic and macroscopic order along with another direct and secondary music impact. Researches have not been able to uncover all aspects of music magic secrets yet. So, this challenge remains for researchers and athletes on how to maximize the benefits of using music during sport and exercise by focusing on practical applied approaches.