درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Rapid modern world changes have impacted efforts to educate children with abilities and skills suitable for societal goals. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of active video games and selected movement games on children’s physical literacy and self-concept. Materials and Methods: Sixty 8-12-year-old children from Ahvaz City were selected and assigned into three experimental and one control groups. Physical literacy and self-concept were assessed in pretest. The active video game group played Xbox Kinect bowling, athletics, tennis, soccer, volleyball, basketball games. The selected movement game group played researcher-designed games. The mixed game group engaged in both activities over 12 video and 12 movement game sessions for 8 weeks, with 30-minute per session. Data were analyzed by MANOVA and student t-test. Results: The results showed that active video games and selected movement games influenced children’s physical literacy and self-concept. Further, significant differences were found between the experimental groups' physical literacy and self-concept outcomes. The selected movement game and mixed game groups performed better in these measures than other groups. Conclusion: Results suggest parents and teachers consider implementing the selected movement games and active video games to bolster physical literacy and self-concept in children.

Purpose: The number of damages and severity of the injury has increased in recent years in handball. Recent studies have reported that functional testing before the season is associated with future injuries of athletes. However, the findings related to these studies are inconsistent. The current study aims to examine the accuracy of functional testing to predict the amount and severity of lower limb injuries of handball athletes in Tehran.   Method: 80 people of handball players (men) of league clubs of Tehran in the age range of 20-30 years were purposefully selected. Next, functional testing, including the Y balance, single-leg jump, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was taken from them. The hours of exercise and competition for teams, along with the number of players' injuries, were recorded during the half-season of competitions. To predict the severity and incidence rate of the injury, the univariate curve estimation regression test was used. Results: The results of this test showed that among functional testing, only single-leg jump (p= 0.035) could predict the severity of the injury incidence, and none of the tests the incidence rate of the injury (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It can be said that only single-leg jump can predict the severity of weak injuries (less than 10 lost days), and screening tests of functional activities have a very limited application to identify the handball athletes at risk of the injury.

Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance exercise and a subsequent detraining period on the indicators of muscle fiber shortening (FS%) and the relative wall thickness (RWT) of the left ventricle in low-mobility women. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted in a field-laboratory setting. A total of 32 sedentary women, who met the criteria for participation and were able to engage in the exercise protocol, were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) Resistance training group (16 participants), and 2) Control group (16 participants). Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and structural indices such as left ventricular muscle fiber shortening percentage (FS%) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were measured using an echocardiography device at three intervals: before the start of training, at the end of 8 weeks of training, and after a 4-week detraining period. The training protocol was implemented over 12 weeks, consisting of 8 weeks of training with three sessions per week, followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of p < 0.05, using SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed a significant difference in FS% between pre-test and post-test measurements for both the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease in FS% was observed in the training group during the detraining period (p < 0.05). Similarly, a significant change in RWT was found between pre-test and post-test measurements in both groups (p < 0.05), and significant changes in RWT were also observed during the detraining period in the training group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that 8 weeks of resistance training led to beneficial changes in the structure and function of the heart in sedentary women. However, the 4-week detraining period resulted in negative effects on these adaptations. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals engage in regular and structured resistance training to maintain these positive adaptations.