درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sport startups are a specific form of new business venture that enters the market in a fast manner. There has been more emphasis on sport startups due to the need to capitalize on innovations particularly digital types in the global business environment. This study examines the challenges physical education students face in using advertising to foster the growth of emerging sports startups. Using triangulation, we collected data through mixed methods. The findings indicate significant financial barriers, such as high start-up costs and insufficient initial capital, that limit students' ability to invest in their businesses. Additionally, a lack of understanding of sports marketing principles and the rapid pace of advertising technology evolution hinder effective promotional efforts. Social and cultural barriers, including low community awareness and trust in new entrepreneurial ventures, further limit market access for sports startups. The intense competition with established brands requires high levels of innovation and creativity, areas in which students often lack experience and skills. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive support systems, such as financial aid, improved educational programs, and mentorship, to provide physical education students with the necessary tools to successfully navigate the competitive sports business landscape. This research provides valuable insights to improve the growth and success of sports startups using advertising.

The purpose of this study was to provide a long-term plan for developing the basketball at university of Isfahan, Iran. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect and analyze the research data. Interviews and expert council meetings were used to collect the research data. The research participants included university basketball experts and coaches. Experts were purposefully selected to reach the theoretical saturation (16 experts).  The research instrument was an open questionnaire. The logical induction method was used to analyze the required data in the quantitative part of the situation assessment and strategic action matrix. To analyze the required information, the Strategic Position and Action Assessment Matrix (SPACE) and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) were used in the quantitative part, and the logical inductive method was used in the qualitative part. The strategic approach of the basketball based on the situation assessment matrix and strategic action was placed in the offensive position. In general, managers can use the present programs to set the major goals as the priorities and provide the conditions for achieving the determined goals in developing university basketball.

This study examines the impact of celebrity endorsements on brand image, brand loyalty, and repurchase intentions within the sports industry, specifically focusing on Nike Product in Tehran, Iran. Employing a survey-based approach with 400 participants, the study utilizes a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to analyze the relationships between these key variables. The findings reveal a significant positive effect of celebrity endorsement on both brand loyalty and brand image among Nike customers in Tehran. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that brand image and brand loyalty both mediate the relationship between celebrity endorsement and repurchase intention. These results highlight the crucial role of celebrity endorsements in enhancing brand perception, fostering customer loyalty, and ultimately driving sales within the competitive sports industry.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of servant leadership on the human resource productivity through whistleblowing considering the moderating role of work ethics. The current research method is correlation, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research was the employees in track and field sport in Iraq, 152 people were selected as a sample using the convenient method. The servant leadership questionnaires of Luu (2019), the whistleblowing of Park and Blenkinsopp (2009), the Human resources productivity of Hersey and Goldsmith (1980), and the work ethics of Bateman and Snell (2004) were used. SPSS version 18 and PLS version 3 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that servant leadership has a significant relationship with human resource productivity and whistleblowing. Also, there is a significant relationship between whistleblowing and human resource productivity. Finally, there is a significant relationship between servant leadership and human resource productivity with the moderating role of work ethic. Servant leadership is a management approach that prioritizes the well-being and growth of employees, leading to improved human resource productivity and organizational performance. This leadership style, which involves serving employees rather than commanding them, has been shown to have a significant positive impact on productivity and whistleblowing within organizations. By fostering an employee-centric approach and a culture of trust, safety, and open communication, servant leaders can encourage employees to speak up about unethical practices, leading to a more transparent and accountable work environment.

Background: The study of the psychological effects of this viral disease on the mental health of individuals at different levels of society, especially elite athletes, is of great importance.Aim: Present study aimed to investigate the psychological status of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study included 87 Iranian elite and national athletes in various sports. The statistical population of this study included 87 elite and national athletes in various sports. Data were collected using the stress, anxiety, depression inventory (DASS-14), perceived stress inventory (PSS-14), the revised event impact inventory (IES-R), and the Graz Emotional Disorders Questionnaire.Results: There is no significant difference between the components of depression, anxiety, event impact, and emotional disorders (P≥0.05). There is a significant difference between the mean scores obtained by elite athletes and the mean scores of the stress component (P=0.01). The mean scores obtained by elite athletes were lower than the mean scores in the perceived stress component (P=0.001).Conclusion: The elite Iranian athletes in the Corona pandemic are in a relatively good psychological state.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) impose a heavy burden on individuals, organizations, and governments.Aim: The purpose of this study was to provide information about WMSDs and working posture. This information can be helpful in designing preventive programs.Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. 207 subjects participated in this study. For WMSDs investigation and postural assessment during work, Nordic Questionnaire and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method were used, respectively. Gathered data from research variables measurement analyzed using Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. A p value of equal or less than 0.05 took into account to be statistically significant.Results: The most prevalent work–related musculoskeletal disorder was found in lower back region, the percentage for large, medium and small ships staff was 58%, 61.7% and 45.1%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between WMSDs in neck (P=0.001), hands and wrists (P=0.02), back (P=0.04) and knees (P=0.001) and used ship by staff. A higher proportion of level four corrective action, was found in small ship staff.Conclusion: WMSDs are prevalent among staff of all ships. WMSDs are more prevalent in lower back. Also, immediate change in posture and investigation is more necessary in small ship staff.