درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Tafsīr-e-Kashshāf is one of the most important interpretations that has been considered by most commentators of the Qur’an. From Zamakhsharī’s point of view, the science of semantics and expression is the most important and necessary knowledge for the interpretation of the Qur’an. In his view, not only with the help of this science, the rhetorical aspects of the Qur’an are known, but also the subtleties and beauties of the Qur’an are known only in the light of this knowledge. According to Zamakhsharī, the most delicate and precise topics of rhetorical sciences are the industry of Takhyīl (i.e. some kind of imagination), without which the interpretation and understanding of the verses of the Qur’an is not possible. The industry of Takhyīl is a kind of compound simile that is used to depict wonderful meanings and indescribable concepts that cannot be explained by a simple description. Zamakhsharī, while considering the verses of the Qur’an as miracles, eloquence and rhetoric, does not count all the verses as rhetoric on the same level. Zamakhsharī has tried to prove the legitimacy of his religion by interpreting the verses of the Qur’an. Zamakhsharī has opened a new horizon in the subject of Qur’anic rhetoric and has been able to introduce new points and materials on the topics that Abdul Qāhir Jurjānī (d. 471 AH) has invented about the rhetoric and meanings of the miracles of the Qur’an.  

Explaining and interpreting the honor and dignity of man and then finding ways to realize it in human life is one of the most important and fundamental topics in religious sources, especially the Qur'an and hadiths. Since insult is the opposite of honor and respect, the present research is trying to investigate the phenomenon of insult with a skeptology approach using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary information, while measuring and setting human honor and its accessories as a criterion. Considering that any description and attribution knowingly and intentionally causing the weakening and humiliation of human honor and its accessories is considered a category and an example of insult. In this research, the degree of compatibility and incompatibility of the Islamic rulings of inheritance, retribution, corporal punishment of women and women's testimony have been criticized and investigated with respect to human dignity. The results of the research show that Islamic rulings in the aforementioned four topics are based on reality, expediency and health of the family and society, necessity or in order to inform, change undesirable behaviors and prevent crimes. Also, some of the issues raised are necessary as a prescriptive ruling for a specific stage and with special conditions that have been established by the holy legislator.