درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The story of Adam has been a site of debate among religious scholars for various reasons. In this context, examining how commentators engage with the text and articulating their logic of understanding play a significant role in acknowledging the evolution of thought in interpretation. A cognitive triptych by Ayatollah Javadi Amoli regarding the understanding of "The world, human beings, and knowledge" in relation to verses 30-34 can guide us towards this important discourse. The tripartite focus of understanding logic in this story centers on anthropology and defining the characteristics of the perfect human in his relationship with God as the Creator of the Caliphate, and with angels acting as the disciples of the Caliph. From this perspective, the faculty of knowledge of names, which is the source of Caliphate, is endowed in all humans, and the will is the factor that fosters human dignity or conceals it, leading to a fall into bestiality and wickedness. This scene, from a cosmological viewpoint, is transcendent in time and free from the possibility of error, contrasting with the material world as the place of the human elemental body and the origin of its evolutionary movement. In the epistemological dimension, the commentator believes in the existence of levels of knowledge based on the nature of the objects of knowledge across longitudinal realms. Accordingly, the realm of proclamation exists in the intellectual realm and the rights of humans within the status of the self-sufficient being and the realm of the soul. From his perspective, the story of Adam is a case of an external personal matter and informs of a divine and continuous tradition in creating a Caliph on Earth. His departure from the theory of corporeal creation and spiritual permanence in explaining the realms of the soul is also noteworthy in this narrative. The commentator’s statements show the influence of the content of Shia narratives, alongside a prominent application of mystical and philosophical teachings and assumptions

One of the common responses to the conflict between science and religion is the strategy of linguistic differentiation . This strategy—which holds that the language of science and the language of religion differ in purpose, method, and worldview—is so broad that it encompasses theories ranging from the philosophical interpretation of Allameh Tabataba’i and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, to the symbolic language theory of Shahid Motahhari, the metaphorical language theory of Mojtahed Shabestari, the interactive interpretation between science and religion proposed by Albert Einstein, and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s complete separation of the domains of science and religion. This breadth has led some scholars in Islamic studies to assign a significant place to the linguistic differentiation strategy in discussions of the science-religion conflict. However, it must be noted that, although the broad semantic scope of linguistic differentiation includes these theories, they are so distinct that each may be interpreted as an independent strategy for resolving the science-religion conflict. This study briefly examines the meaning of linguistic differentiation in its philosophical origins and analyzes selected Islamic–Shi’i theories that align with this strategy, highlighting their differences from modern philosophy of language. Special emphasis is placed on theories rooted in the works of Tabataba’i, particularly his exegesis. The findings show that although many Islamic theories may be subsumed under the general concept of linguistic differentiation, enduring principles of Shi’i theology produce fundamental differences in their premises and interpretations compared with Western traditions.