درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of attitudes to cheating in the relationship between social support and educational justice with cheating behavior. Methodology: Present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all high school female students of Tehran city in 2018-19 academic years with number of 120000 people. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran's formula 400 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the questionnaires of attitudes to cheating (Fealy & et al, 2014), social support (Zimet & et al, 1988), educational justice (Golparvar, 2011) and cheating behavior (Newsted & et al, 1996). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method with using path analysis in Amos-23 software. Findings: The findings showed that social support and educational justice had a negative and direct effect on attitudes to cheating and cheating behavior and attitudes to cheating had a positive and direct effect on cheating behavior. Also, social support and educational justice with mediating attitudes to cheating had a negative and indirect effect on cheating behavior (P<0.01). In addition, the model of mediating role of attitudes to cheating in the relationship between social support and educational justice with cheating behavior had a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the results, to reduce cheating behavior can be developed and implemented through workshops programs to change in social support, educational justice and attitudes to cheating.

Today, the overcrowding of prison populations has caused serious problems in all societies so that in many ways undermined the correctional and educational achievements. In many countries of the world, the overcrowding population of prisoners has brought nothing except huge costs, an impediment to the public order of the prison, conflict, riot, strike, etc. It has made the authorities to take steps to reduce the prison population. The prison sentence for any form of criminal behavior that is determined arbitrarily neither based on scientific logic nor on the basis of the personality characteristics of individuals and entities of society, on the one hand, causes the increase of the prison population and represents an ugly face of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the world and, on the other hand, causes the family of prisoners to be wandered and overwhelmed by the effects and consequences of this punishment. It is impossible to deny the prison functions because it has punitive and corrective functions so that multiple objectives can be achieved by its implementation. Therefore, it cannot be ignored totally. Imprisonment is still considered as a solution, and if it turns to be a problem in some cases, it is due to other factors and conditions that need to be addressed and improved. If imprisonment is used logically, then it will be effective and will certainly not be problematic. In particular, it should be emphasized that non-criminal solutions and imprisonment alternatives will be effective when it is used in place. Accordingly, the penal policy in post-revolutionary penal law has contributed to the increased prison population by imposing ineffective and prison-based laws in the general section, and also by increasing the criminalization and determination imprisonment as the dominant type of punishment in the section of general laws defining punishment with increasing crime However, following the problems and corruptions as well as the need for resolving this challenge, the legislature took steps to change its legislative penal policy through the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 in accordance with the inspirations and solutions of international organizations. It resulted in the reduction of imprisonment and consideration of prison as the last punishment.

Purpose: In Iran, women have major challenges and are in high conflict between the elites and the rulers. In many cases, society still emphasizes the maternal role of women more than her entry into the public arena, and this is in the fundamental contradiction of the women's management system in various forums. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present the pattern of the status of the women's management system in the sports assemblies. Methodology: This study was performed in a combined method, the first part of which is the basis of the basis and the second part was done by scrolling. The statistical sample in the first part of the 16th sportsmen and professors and senior sports managers and in a few 141 people were studied. Data analysis in three stages of coding was open, pivotal and nucleus. In the quantitative section, the model and assumptions have been tested using the navigation method. Findings: With the analysis of 16 deep interviews and the implementation of these interviews, 125 meaningful concepts and propositions are extracted, and then from these 125 concepts, 141 corresponding concepts are pulled out. The overlap and meaning of many of the corresponding concepts led the researchers using their theoretical sensitivity to introduce and explain these 141 concepts to 27 sub -categories and ultimately 27 sub -categories with ten main categories. These ten subcategories consisting of; Identity in managerial spaces, the ability to divide, overcome gender spaces, effective control, planning, networking and communication skills, field and leadership, social support for women's management, exercise management and organizational efficiency, which are more abstracted by coding. Selection, a nuclear category as "the position of the women's management system in sports assemblies in the context of overcoming gender spaces and gaining social support for women's management in the ability to divide and organizational efficiency with women's intervention and communication skills based on field strategies and leadership, program. The centrality and management of management, despite the consequences of identifying in managerial and effective control spaces in Iranian society, appear to be realized in Iran, "which can cover all other categories. Conclusion: Considering the weakness of existing theoretical models in the field of the position of women's management system in sports associations, a new approach to explaining the management system of women in sports in Iran can help the health of women's sports.

Purpose: Electronic Tourism is one of the important components of expanding Tourism by synchronizing this industry with information technology. It has not been long since its emergence. Methodology: this field is a combination of tourism and information technology that is one of the most common types of income-generating businesses which is producing job opportunities in the modern world. The advancement of science alongside communication and information technologies presented many opportunities and threats to this field due to tech such as smartphones and sensors, virtual and augmented reality tools, NFC, RFID, etc. Findings: The disclosure of the tourists' information and the possible abuse of it is one such threat. Therefore privacy and non-disclosure of information should be important factors. Recognition of reputable sites is an important factor in solving this problem. In this study, we have presented a model for recognizing fake and phishing sites which use the CFS+PSO and a combination of Info+Ranger alongside their results to reduce the test dataset features so that it could present a model for categorizing and higher accuracy in recognizing phishing sites by using the Multilayer Perceptron method. The proposed model was successful in recognizing 95.5% of phishing sites. Counclusion: The effect of information technology on the tourism industry and the usage of internet websites for selling and providing tourism services to tourists have created new security challenges. Protecting the privacy and personal information of people and tourists is one of these challenges and the disclosure of such information could lead to abuse by unqualified people and dissatisfaction and distrust of such systems.