درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aims to present an analytical review of the relationship between development-driven education and environmental improvement. Previous research in this field has often examined the effect of environmental pollution on the human development index in general. However, this study uniquely focuses on a separate review of human development indicators on the environment and education. Thus, this study applied an econometric method using Eviews13 software during the years 1990-2023. The analytical review of the effect of development-driven education on environmental improvement, with an emphasis on the human development index, was conducted among selected countries of the Middle East (United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Turkey, Syria, Cyprus, and Saudi Arabia) and Iran. The dependent variable in this paper was CO2 emission, and the independent variables included education, health, standard of living (a measure to evaluate the human development index), fossil fuel consumption, and the growth rate of the urban population. The results of the study in the Middle Eastern countries indicate that the measurement dimensions of the human development index have a negative and significant effect on environmental pollution. Higher human development is beneficial for the environment and mitigates CO2 emissions and other pollutants. Additionally, this protects the environment by lowering pressure on natural resources. The variables of urbanization rate and fossil fuel consumption have a positive effect on the level of air pollution. In addition, the results of the study in Iran demonstrate that fossil fuel consumption and urbanization are factors that directly influence the country’s air pollution, and the measurement dimensions of the human development index. No significant relationship was found regarding education (average years of education for adults), but a negative and significant effect was shown on environmental pollution.

Rural tourism is considered as one of the important parts of the economic activities. This important economic activity in the different views has been taken into consideration. Some know it as a part of the tourism market and some consider it as a policy for rural development. Rural tourism quickly grew in the rural economic and has been the complementary of agricultural activities. The nature of the tourism industry is, create employment, income, diversification, economic, increase of cultural level, community participation and use of local resources. Development of tourism in rural areas, in addition to diversifying the economy and developing its infrastructure, can be a step towards sustainable development in rural areas and social justice by creating jobs, and reverse migration. In general, supporting the village pristine tourist areas and rural tourism, cause to create different and good employment opportunities, increase of national income, the promotion of social welfare and the development of sustainable tourism in rural areas. Rural tourism through influence and effect on all aspects of rural life, leads to grow them both in terms of economic and socio-cultural. This study investigates the efficacy of wooden cottages in attraction of tourism in the city of Masal. A tourism model that has been used in this study, is taking advantage of Gibz- Martin method, the obtained results of the regression analysis of this study indicate that among the several factors of tourism attraction in this region, wooden cottages are known as one of the best resorts of tourism attraction. Studies are conducted in four villages of Masal that Hoome village with 200 wooden cottages and 5000 tourism with amount of 0.85 has the maximum amount of tourism in the region and also wooden cottages are known as a way to attract tourism in the region.

Performance evaluation is one of the most important management agendas as key to achieving continuous improvement in the ability to evaluate the ongoing performance of the organization. Many organizations have realized the importance of ongoing evaluation of performance and performance appraisal systems employ a variety of organizations. In this regard between 1850 and 1975, only on the basis of financial measures to assess the performance of the organizations involved, for reasons such as: encouraging short-term view of the lack of strategic focus and inability to provide data about the quality, responsiveness and flexibility, encouraging an optimistic view, the failure to provide information about what customers want and how competitors were criticized. Methods: This study intends to evaluate the model ordinary native city through the provision of integrated model questionnaire and analyze the results it provides. The proposed model schools ranked theoretical and mathematical description is composed of two parts. This model utilizes the model of the Balanced Scorecard, developed its shape or conceptual cross section of the rating model, the recall is complete. All the research community to the city of Qazvin is no ordinary high school. A total of 177 patients were collected points. For the analysis of data obtained from the decision matrix with TOPSIS technique and Excel software to compare the two choice expert significant part of this research is 5%.packaging determined. The results of the ranking of schools with units 2 TOPSIS indicate that the school is the top priority compared to other options. Conclusion: All the components of the index and rank high schools in the city of Qazvin no effective diagnostic data obtained for decision criteria are less than 0.05. So all indicators can be used to evaluate the performance of ordinary high schools, theoretically, contribute to the city of Qazvin.