درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۴۲۱ تا ۴۴۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۳۰۳ مورد.
۴۲۱.

Cognitive and Sociolinguistic Analysis of Gendered Communication Patterns in Iraqi TV Talk Shows(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۹, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 201 - 215

کلیدواژه‌ها: Collaborative Language Constructions Gendered Communication News/Cable Satellite Programs Public Discourse Turn-Taking

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۷
This article examines gendered patterns in public discourse by analyzing the cognitive and sociolinguistic features of interruptions, turn-taking, and collaborative language during Iraqi TV talk shows. We used a mixed-methods approach to examine transcripts from 20 episodes of TV talk shows in which both male and female guests appeared. This and other studies suggest that there are strong gender-based differences in, for example the per cent of talk with interruptions (evaluated by numerical frequency), topic control or continue, males talking more than females coded as take-talks or pivoting responses, whereas types of type-control regards turn taking was higher among female speakers than male while total degree of fluency to engaged language use. These trends are consistent with Iraq's historical gendered norms — a juxtaposition against American shifts toward more equitable media relations. The main conclusions suggest the significance of cultural constraints in communication, indicating practical paths for media literacy as well as suggestions where sociolinguistic training and gender-inclusive policy design may benefit from a closer look.
۴۲۲.

Nomadology in Cormac McCarthy's The Crossing and The Road: The Deleuzian Geocritical Study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۵۰, Autumn ۲۰۲۴ 147 - 155

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cormac McCarthy The Crossing the Road Deleuze Geocriticism Nomadology

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
In the present essay, the researchers aim at studying two famous novels "The Crossing" and "The Road" in the light of Deleuzian geocritical concepts such as: nomad, rhizome, smooth space, and war machine. Studying space and place in American literature is a new trend. Space and landscape, considered as smooth space and striated space in Deleuze and Guattari's nomadology, are significantly highlighted in American literature. By drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's view of rhizome, which does not follow any plans or structures, the novel can be regarded as a rhizomatic structure in which the characters with nomadic existence move freely in a smooth space- a space without an explicit beginning and a clear destination. Portraying American space and landscape is a dominant theme in Cormac McCarthy's novels, including "The Crossing" and "The Road", in which the characters move from a rooted life to a nomadic life. Through examining these two novels, this paper is going to investigate the movement of nomadic characters in the smooth space of the postmodern world. Moreover, through exploring the relationship between literature, space, and identity, drawing on the philosophical ideas of Deleuz and Guatari, this paper is going to expose in what extent the representation of spaces in literature can reflect and shape cultural and national identities.
۴۲۳.

Interventionist Face-to-Face versus Web-Based Group Dynamic Assessment and Speaking Ability: A Case on Introverted/Extroverted Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۵۰, Autumn ۲۰۲۴ 169 - 189

کلیدواژه‌ها: Introverted learners extroverted learners speaking skills web-based group dynamic assessment face- to face group dynamic assessment

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۷
The present study sought to investigate the effects of face-to-face and web-based group dynamic assessment (GDA) on the speaking skills of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. A total of 100 participants from Ariana Institute in Rasht were involved in the study, with 36 introverted and 36 extroverted learners selected based on their scores on the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and Eysenck’s Personality test. These participants were then divided into experimental and control groups. Each experimental group, comprising 12 participants, underwent either face-to-face or web-based GDA sessions, while the control groups received traditional instruction. The research design included a pretest, 15 treatment sessions, and a posttest to assess the progress of speaking abilities among the learners. The statistical analysis, which included paired samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, indicated significant enhancements in speaking skills among the learners who participated in the experimental GDA sessions compared to those in the control groups. Notably, introverted learners in the web-based GDA group exhibited superior speaking abilities, whereas extroverted learners showed more improvement in face-to-face GDA sessions. These results have important implications for English language educators and researchers in Iran, highlighting the significant influence of GDA delivery mode on the speaking proficiency of EFL learners, particularly in relation to their introverted or extroverted traits. Such findings can offer valuable insights for pedagogical approaches and theoretical frameworks in English language teaching in Iran.
۴۲۴.

Designing a Multicultural Curriculum Model for English Language Teaching in Iranian High Schools(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۹, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 97-112

کلیدواژه‌ها: multiculturalism Multicultural Curriculum Design Curriculum Multicultural Components

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۷
The present study aimed to create a diverse curriculum model for teaching English in high schools in Iran. Utilizing an exploratory mixed-methods design to collect the desired data, the study enlisted the participation of 38 Iranian curriculum designers, with a gender distribution of 26 males and 12 females. To evaluate the model, a questionnaire was developed, and its reliability was gauged using Cronbach's Alpha. The validity of the curriculum model was established through Exploratory Factor Analysis employing principle component analysis (PCA). In qualitative phase, the analysis of the data uncovered several key components of the multicultural curriculum, including multicultural education, cultural diversity, and equity pedagogy, social, gender, and educational equality, prejudice reduction, upholding the intrinsic dignity, equity pedagogy, empowering school culture. Furthermore, the proposed model encompassed four essential elements: objectives, content and learning activities, methods, and evaluation. The results of quantitative phase of the study indicated that the multicultural curriculum model was deemed valid by designers in the field of curriculum development. As a result, it is recommended for adoption by English language educators in Iranian high schools.
۴۲۵.

Framing Peace and Conflict: A Critical Analysis of Linguistic Strategies in Arab Media Coverage of Geopolitical Issues(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۹, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 25-38

کلیدواژه‌ها: Media Framing Peace Process Conflict Representation Critical discourse analysis Linguistic Strategies

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۵۷
This study conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of Arab English-language online newspapers to examine how the Israeli-Lebanese and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts are represented. Employing Fairclough's three-dimensional framework, the research explored the linguistic, discursive, and socio-cultural dimensions of media narratives, integrating framing theory to investigate how these narratives shape public opinion and geopolitical discourse. The study’s design involved the systematic collection and analysis of 50 articles from prominent newspapers such as Al Jazeera English, Al Arabiya English, and Asharq Al-Awsat, selected for their diverse ideological perspectives. The findings revealed distinct ideological framings employed by each outlet, ranging from systemic oppression narratives to calls for regional diplomacy. These narratives are shaped by geopolitical affiliations, cultural identities, and the affordances of digital media, including the role of algorithms and user-generated content. The research highlights how digital tools and social media amplify and polarize discourses, influencing public sentiment and policy debates. By addressing gaps in the literature concerning Arab media’s linguistic strategies and digital affordances, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between language, power, and ideology in conflict representation. Implications extend to both academic discourse and practical applications, providing a framework for policymakers, peacebuilding organizations, and journalists to critically engage with and promote balanced conflict narratives. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the evolving role of digital media in shaping political realities, offering a nuanced lens for future research on conflict discourse.
۴۲۶.

Teacher Corrective Feedback on Learners’ Pragmatic Failure: Types of Feedback in Online Pragmatics Instruction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۳, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۴ 172 - 193

کلیدواژه‌ها: pragmatics corrective feedback Speech Acts Request Refusal Online Instruction

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۰
Objective: Research on corrective feedback (CF) in L2 pragmatics instruction, especially in online teaching, is still in its infancy. To address this gap, this study sought to examine the types of CF provided by EFL teachers in online classes in response to the learners’ pragmalinguistically and sociopragmatically inappropriate production of the binary speech acts of request and refusal.Methods: Eighteen hours of online classroom interaction data were analyzed using conversation analysis and a taxonomy that classifies feedback into implicit and explicit input-providing and output-prompting CF.Results: The findings of the study showed that explicit output prompts were largely applied by teachers as the most frequent type of CF. The teachers tended to use prompting questions and metapragmatic clues to help learners better understand request and refusal speech acts, rather than directly offering input or reformulation. In addition, because of the face-threatening nature of speech acts of refusal and request, the teachers applied explicit output prompts as corrective feedback to reinforce the accuracy of learners’ production.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the online mode of instruction can impact the explicitness of pragmatic CF. This research is of great value for teachers to employ both implicit and explicit types of CF to develop learners’ competency in pragmatics in online instruction.
۴۲۷.

موضع گیری و مشارکت جویی در نظریه های داوری در دادگاه خانواده : جستاری در گفتمان کاوی قضایی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبان شناسی سال ۱۶ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۳۰) 1 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: دادگاه خانواده گفتمانکاوی قضایی مشارکت جویی موضع گیری نظریه داوری

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۹
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تشریح فرایند موضع گیری و مشارکت جویی در نظریه های داوری مربوط به دادگاه خانواده بر  اساس چارچوب پیشنهادی هایلند (2008) می پردازد. در پرونده های مربوط به طلاق، قاضی از هر یک از طرف ها (زن و شوهر) می خواهد که یک داور معرفی نمایند. داور موظف است قضاوت و نتیجه بررسی های خود از وضعیت هر یک از طرف ها را در قالب یک نظریه به قاضی ارائه دهد. در جستار حاضر ۳۶  نظریه داوری برای بحث و بررسی انتخاب شد. ۱۸ نظریه مربوط به داورهای منتخب طرف ها است که نظریه های غیر تخصصی و ۱۸ نمونه مربوط به نظریه داورهای منتخب دادگاه است که نظریه های تخصصی نام می گیرند. پس از بررسی داده ها براساس رویکردهای کمی و کیفی چنین محرز شد که نشان گرهای موضع گیری و (به نسبت کمتری) مشارکت جویی نقش محوری در شکل گیری گفتمان نظریه داوری دارند، به میزانی که به ازای هر 26/59 واژه در پیکره یک نشان گر موضع گیری و مشارکت جویی وجود دارد. همچنین، مقایسه نظریه های تخصصی و غیرتخصصی نشان می دهد که نظریه های تخصصی دارای کفایت توصیفی و تبیینی بیشتری هستند.
۴۲۸.

دربارۀ شمار اسم در بادرودی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبان شناسی سال ۱۶ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۳۰) 25 - 38

کلیدواژه‌ها: شمار جمع اسم بادرودی زبان های ایرانی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۷
 در زبان های ایرانی غربی نو شمار جمع در اسم یک مقوله اجباری است و با روش های ساختواژی یعنی افزودن پسوند جمع ساز یا پایانه صرفی به اسم نشان داده می شود و در کنار آن از مطابقه فعلی هم برای نشانه گذاری شمار جمع استفاده می شود. بادرودی از زبان های مرکزی ایران نمونه خاصی است که در آن نه تنها شمار جمع اسم اجباری نیست، بلکه علاوه بر پسوند جمع ساز و مطابقه فعلی روش های دیگری را برای نشانه گذاری جمع به کار می برد. در بادرودی شمار جمع در اسم گاهی با پسوند –u  نشان داده شود؛ اما بیشتر از مطابقه فعلی و مطابقه ضمیری برای نشانه گذاری جمع استفاده می شود. در این میان مضاعف سازی ستاک اسم  نیز روشی است که دست کم درباره اسم های جاندار استفاده می شود. بررسی های این مقاله نشان می دهد در تمام روش هایی که شمار اسم نشانه گذاری می شود، مطابقه فعلی همیشه وجود دارد؛ اما استفاده از پسوند جمع ساز، مطابقه ضمیری و مضاعف سازی اختیاری است. مواردی هم وجود دارد که اسم با هیچ روشی نشانه گذاری نمی شود، که نشان می دهد تمایز شمار در بادرودی مقوله ای اجباری نیست
۴۲۹.

مروری نظام مند بر دانش محتوای تربیتی فناورانه (TPACK) معلمان زبان انگلیسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی دوره ۱۴ بهار ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۱ 65 - 87

کلیدواژه‌ها: آموزش زبان انگلیسی زبان انگلیسی مرور نظام مند معلم دانش محتوای تربیتی فناورانه

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۹
پژوهش حاضر مطالعه مروری نظام مند بر مطالعاتی را ارائه می کند که هدف آن ها بررسی تحقیقات مربوط به دانش محتوای تربیتی فناورانه (TPACK) معلمان زبان انگلیسی است. این مطالعه از یک روش سنتزپژوهی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کیفی و دستیابی به اهداف عملی استفاده می کند. منابع مربوطه از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی بین المللی با استفاده از کلیدواژه های مناسب جمع آوری شد و محتوای 18 مقاله منتخب برای تجزیه و تحلیل مورد وارسی قرار گرفتند. به منظور بررسی کیفیت پایایی قابل اعتماد بودن، از ضریب کاپای کوهن که 76/0 به دست آمد، استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که تحقیقات قبلی در مورد TPACK بر چهار موضوع اصلی متمرکز شده است: بررسی، ارزیابی، توسعه و کاربردTPACK . مشخص شد که تحقیقات قبلی عمدتاً دو حوزه را بیشتر مورد بررسی قرار داده اند: ارزیابی TPACK معلمان و نوآوری در روش های اندازه گیری سطح آن، و بررسی تفاوت ها در سطوح TPACK در میان گروه های مختلف معلمان با هدف ارتقا و افزایش سطح TPACK آن ها. در نتیجه، مطالعه حاضر عدمِ درک در مورد اینکه چگونه معلمان زبان انگلیسی می توانند به طور مؤثر از هفت عنصر TPACK برای تسهیل یادگیری دانش آموزان از طریق درس های یکپارچه با فن آوری استفاده کنند، برجسته می کند. همچنین، این مطالعه چشم انداز محققان آینده را در غنابخشی به توسعه الگوی این ساحت را دقیق تر خواهد کرد.
۴۳۰.

Exploring the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Personalized Language Learning: An Intervention Study in Iranian ESL Classrooms(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 26

کلیدواژه‌ها: AI-powered tools ChatGPT Customized tasks ESL classroom Personalized language learning

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۹۸
With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, language teachers are presented with new possibilities for addressing challenges in language education. This intervention study aimed to investigate views from ESL teachers on the benefits and challenges of integrating ChatGPT, An artificial intelligence (AI) language model created by OpenAI in 2023, into ESL classrooms for personalized language learning. The study carried out in two upper-secondary schools, combines teacher questionnaires and interviews with a personalized learning intervention based on ChatGPT. The primary focus was on understanding the effect of ChatGPT-based personalized learning assignments on learners’ grammatical knowledge in a local classroom setting. Through the questionnaire, initial teacher concerns regarding the precision, dependability, and helpful application of AI tools were investigated. Despite these reservations, the intervention demonstrated a notable decrease in grammatical errors in student writing. Subsequent interviews revealed a positive shift in teacher perceptions, indicating increased receptivity to AI-based approaches after witnessing positive outcomes. The study highlights the importance of teacher training and hands-on experience in overcoming initial hesitations associated with AI tool adoption in pedagogical practices. Moreover, the promising results suggest that AI-powered instruments, like ChatGPT, have the potential to enhance personalized language learning. This underscored the significance of educators cultivating their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to overcome hesitations and effectively harness the potential of ChatGPT for augmenting individualized learning. The study’s findings provided evidence supporting the utilization of ChatGPT-based personalized learning assignments to meet the specific requirements of the schools in question.
۴۳۱.

English Language Teaching Pages in Focus: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 81 - 111

کلیدواژه‌ها: English Language Teaching (ELT) Instagram Multimodality multimodal discourse analysis

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۰
Pedagogic discourse is inherently multimodal, and teaching is a multimodal experience that takes place through the integration of (spoken) language and an array of other communicative modes. Similarly, modern multimedia platforms, such as Instagram, also have the potential to be used as multimodal educational tools that make use of different modalities alongside text. As such, the present study aimed to analyze three prominent Instagram pages, including BBC Learning English, Learning English with Oxford, and Learning English with Cambridge, through the multimodal discourse analysis toolkit proposed by Ledin and Machin (2020). Qualitative data analysis was run to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated that the English Language Teaching (ELT) pages analyzed employed a diverse array of semiotic resources, spanning from the incorporation of various images to the careful selection of different colors and typography to effectively convey their intended meanings. Additionally, the visual representations employed in the posts were largely consistent with, and in some cases, complementary to the overall content of the posts, and the underlying messages they aimed to convey. Specifically, the visual representations in the ELT pages were purposefully designed to reflect the culture of the English-speaking community as a clear means of reinforcement.
۴۳۲.

The Use of Assessment for Learning Rather than Assessment of Learning in EFL Context(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳ , N. ۲ , ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 30

کلیدواژه‌ها: traditional assessment Alternative Assessment Linguistic Competence Communicative competence

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
Most EFL schools, both government-run and private, use materials developed based on the curriculum developed by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education in Iran started to update English textbooks for junior and senior high schools to enhance students’ communicative competence. To achieve this, there is a need for changes both in methodology and content of the textbooks in assessment methods. This study aimed to investigate whether teachers’ tests align with the changes in textbooks or assess students' knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, regardless of their communicative competence. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative data collected through questionnaires, teacher-made tests, textbooks, and qualitative interview data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the match. Thirty Iranian English teachers from different provinces participated in the study and 100 teacher-made tests were compared with the content and purpose of the updated textbooks. The results analyzed through chi-square test and thematic analysis showed no match between the theory of the tests and the textbooks and revealed that teachers' attitudes towards change of assessment tools contribute to the development of communicative skills. 
۴۳۳.

Metaphor Awareness in Action: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Enhancing Comprehension and Production of Phrasal verbs in EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳ , N. ۳ , ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: Phrasal Verbs Cognitive linguistics metaphors Conceptual approach Comprehension Production

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۴
The present study investigates the effectiveness of a conceptual approach, grounded in cognitive linguistics, in enhancing the comprehension and production of phrasal verbs among Iranian EFL learners of English. To this end, 38 participants (16 males and 22 females) at intermediate levels of language proficiency were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, and underwent instruction through the conceptual approach or the traditional method, respectively. A pre-test was administered to assess baseline performance, followed by the intervention and two post-tests (i.e., a cloze test and a story-retelling task) to measure changes in comprehension and production of the phrasal verbs. The cloze test measured differences in phrasal verb comprehension, while the story-retelling task assessed production and accuracy. The mixed between-within-subjects ANOVA (SPANOVA) revealed significant improvement in the experimental group on the post-test. Independent sample t-tests confirmed superior performance in the production and accuracy of phrasal verbs for the experimental group. This suggests that the conceptual approach offers a systematic method for learners to approach phrasal verbs analytically, contrasting with the traditional perception of these elements as non-analyzable. As a practical implication, educators in EFL contexts, are strongly urged to adopt the presented conceptual approach. This innovative pedagogical strategy not only enriches the learning experience but also addresses linguistic challenges associated with phrasal verbs, fostering creativity in the instructional process through situational presentations and orientational metaphors. 
۴۳۴.

Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy and their Beliefs about the Role of Textbooks in Fostering it: A Mixed-Methods Study

نویسنده:
منبع: Mixed methods studies in English language teaching,Vol ۱, Issue ۱, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 107 - 126

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Iranian EFL textbooks learner autonomy teacher's perceptions

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۸۸
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of learner autonomy; however, the roles of teachers and language materials in fostering in have not received due attention. This mixed methods study investigated the association between what Iranian teachers perceived of LA and what they thought about the role of textbooks in fostering EFL learners’ LA, and to what extent they believed the principles of LA in their classrooms. The participating teachers were 200 male and female teachers that taught Iranian tenth-grade EFL textbook in senior high schools of Qom, Arak, and Karaj. The first instrument was a questionnaire developed by Borg and Al-Busaidi (2012), which primarily focused on the teachers’ perspectives and opinions about LA. The second questionnaire was used to investigate how Iranian EFL teachers think the EFL textbook Vision 1 helps foster LA. The questionnaire was developed based on the LA principles (Fenner & Newby, 2000). The last instrument was an interview protocol that was developed by the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of teachers’ promoting LA in their teaching. The interview protocol also was based on Fenner and Newbys’ (2000) principles. For this study, the questionnaire data were collected through two questionnaires. Moreover, an interview protocol was used to gather qualitative data from 12 teachers, who participated in the interviews (i.e., 2 face-to-face and 10 online interviews). The result of the bivariate correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ perception of learner autonomy and their opinions about the LA-fostering role of the Iranian 10th-grade EFL textbook. The results of the interview analysis showed that the principles of learner autonomy were largely approved of by the interviewees. The study has some implications for textbook developers, teachers trainers, and teachers.
۴۳۵.

Research into Iranian EFL Teachers’ Knowledge of Educational Ethical Codes: Development of a Synergistic Model(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 135 - 168

کلیدواژه‌ها: ethics Ethical codes Education Knowledge EFL teacher

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۹ تعداد دانلود : ۴۶
The study aimed to investigate the Iranian EFL teachers’ knowledge of educational ethical codes in academic settings through the employment of a newly-designed questionnaire, developed by the researchers. To this end, six university professors as experts were invited to participate in an unstructured interview related to the issue under study. The preliminary themes were extracted from the relevant literature and the experts’ opinions through qualitative analysis. Next, the initial questionnaire items were generated and approved by three experts. The reliability of the constructed questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Afterwards, the 40-item questionnaire was administered to 400 EFL teachers resulting in the elimination of eleven items through exploratory factor analysis. Five factors were drawn from the responses of teachers through EFA representing their knowledge of educational ethical codes. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the five extracted components of the newly developed questionnaire including educational, affective, socio-cultural, behavioral, and professional ethics factors were all acceptably loaded on their constructs at an acceptable level, and the scale can successfully determine EFL teachers’ knowledge of ethical codes in educational settings. The findings of the study have valuable implications for teachers, students, teacher trainers, educational policymakers and administrators.
۴۳۶.

The Role of Persian L1 and English L2 on the Acquisition of L3 Indefinite Frequency Adverbs(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 169 - 196

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cross-linguistic influence L3 acquisition CEM LPM indefinite frequency adverbs

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
This study aims to identify the role of transfer in the L3 acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs, be it L1, L2 or both; and to find out whether CLI occurs on a feature-by-feature basis or as a wholesale phenomenon. Also, this study intends to investigate the influence of the learners' L2 proficiency on the L3 acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs; and to examine the effect of different task modalities on the facilitative/detrimental role of background languages in the transfer of indefinite frequency adverbs in the early stages of German learning. To this end, we studied 30 Persian-speaking L3 learners with previous L2 knowledge of English. We collected data from a grammaticality judgement task to account for learners' receptive knowledge and an element rearrangement task to measure learners' production. The data were analyzed using multivariate tests and paired samples t-tests, which allowed us to estimate the effects of background languages, learners' L2 proficiency, and task type on the acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs in L3. The results contradicted the wholesale CLI and supported the hybrid transfer models of CEM and LPM, which claim that transfer occurs property by property. The results also refuted the role of micro-variables, including learners' L2 proficiency and task type.
۴۳۷.

Developing the Intercultural Communicative Competence of Iranian Medical ESP Students Through Explicit Instruction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 221 - 240

کلیدواژه‌ها: corrective intercultural communicative competence Multicultural Personality Questionnaire cultural empathy social initiative flexibility open-mindedness Emotional stability

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲
As the world evolves into more globalized, ethnically, and linguistically mixed societies, Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) stages itself as a crucial asset. This fact holds particularly true when it comes to increasingly globalized healthcare academic milieux, where cultivating ICC is crucial for healthcare professionals to interact effectively with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. The present study, employing a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, explored the development of ICC among nursing, as the control group (27 participants), and medical students (32), as the experimental one through explicit ICC training at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in Zanjan, Iran. Hence, targeted ICC training effectiveness in enhancing the cultural empathy (CE), flexibility (F), social initiative (SI), open-mindedness (OM), and emotional stability (ES) of medical students was investigated employing the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) as a key tool to gauge learners' ICC before and after the training. The findings showed a significant improvement in the participants' all ICC sub-scales, indicating the positive impact of explicit training on the development of CE, F, SI, and OM.
۴۳۸.

Differential Effects of Non-linguistic Feedback Types on Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency of EFL Learners’ Speaking Performance in Online Education(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 241 - 256

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Complexity fluency reference of comparison feedback regulatory focus feedback speaking

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰
This study examined the impacts of providing regulatory focus feedback (RFF) in the forms of prevention and promotion as well as reference of comparison feedback (RCF) in the forms of normative and self-referential on EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in online speaking courses. For this purpose, 100 intermediate EFL learners in a language institute were randomly assigned into four experimental groups and one control group (N=20). Language learners were required to respond to two speaking tasks from the IELTS exam before and after receiving 16 sessions of the intervention. The data were subjected to ANCOVA analysis and paired samples comparisons. The results showed that the participants’ speaking performance was better in all four experimental groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the superiority of self-referential feedback in improving the participants’ oral production ability over normative feedback was demonstrated. Prevention-focused feedback was shown to be influential in improving accuracy. Finally, practical implications for how EFL teachers can enhance language learners’ oral production ability are discussed.
۴۳۹.

Integrating Positive Psychology in Language Testing: Fostering Growth, Motivation, and Well-Being in Assessment Practices(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 409 - 426

کلیدواژه‌ها: Positive Psychology language testing test anxiety Self-Efficacy

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۶ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳
This study is an attempt to explore the integration of positive psychology within language testing, while assessing its effects on learner performance, self-efficacy, motivation, and test anxiety in EFL contexts. Postulated on a mixed-method approach, firstly, the study involves in a quasi-experimental design, where 100 EFL learners were assigned into control and experimental groups. The latter group experienced strength-based feedback and growth-focused assessment practices. The results of the paired t-tests and ANCOVA revealed significant improvements in the EFL students' language proficiency, with the anxiety construct reduced by 30%, alongside substantial increases in the constructs of motivation and self-efficacy. These outcomes can be taken into account as the highlight of the efficacy of positive psychology interventions, contrasting with traditional deficit-focused models of assessment. Afterwards, in the qualitative phase, the research advocates for a paradigm shift in language testing, while emphasizing EFL learners' emotional well-being, cognitive engagement, and learner autonomy. Furthermore, this study contributes to the broader discourse, representing implications on rethinking pedagogical approaches to language assessment, proposing more humanistic and learner-centered frameworks.
۴۴۰.

How Has Political and Socio-economic Status affected Iranian EFL Learners’ Motivation to learn English(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۷, No.۳۴, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۴ 310 - 328

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Iranian learners motivation Political Social milieu

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷
This research study aims to investigate the motivation behind Iranian EFL learners' desire to learn English, with a specific focus on the political and socio-economic factors that influence them. The study takes into account the changing political and social landscape in Iran, which has been shaped by globalization and advancements in information and communication technology (ICT). In order to gain a deeper understanding of the driving forces behind Iranian EFL learners' English language acquisition, the researcher conducted interviews with thirty participants who had been studying English for approximately 3 to 6 years. The interviews were transcribed and the data was then analyzed using a systematic approach, including open, axial, and selective coding. The resulting model identified seven factors and twenty-seven categories that contribute to language motivation. These seven factors were a) The government’s foreign and economic policy, b) Transfer of religious and national ideology and patriotism, c) Academic and occupational aspirations, d) Improving social life, e) Fear of failure, f) International posture, and g) IT advancements. This model can serve as a valuable resource for informing future educational policies and curriculum development in Iran.

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