درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present research aims to evaluate impacts of crude oil price return index, Bloomberg Petroleum Index and Bloomberg energy index on stock market returns of 121 companies listed in Tehran stock exchange in a 10 years' period from early 2006 to April 2016. First, explanatory variables were aligned with petroleum products index mostly due to application of dollar data. Subsequently, to check variables stationary, Dickey-Fuller generalized test was considered and ARCH test was adopted to check for Heteroscedasticity in error terms and residual values. Finally, EGARCH was used to address model heteroscedasticity. The results showed that variations of Petroleum Bloomberg index, crude oil price and Bloomberg energy index could explain changes in Tehran stock exchange index returns. Any rise in oil prices increases total Stock Exchange returns. On the other hand, Stock Exchange index returns is aligned with Petroleum Bloomberg index.at the same time changes in Tehran stock exchange index returns was reversely correlated with changes in energy index return among others.

The present study investigates effective governance and quality of regula-tions on financial development in Iran's current economic conditions. For this purpose, the model is estimated based on the annual data of 1996-2018 using Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR). The results of estimating the linear part of the model (first regime) show that the variables of GDP, role or the rule of law, quality of regulations, and government size have a significant and positive impact on Iran's financial development at 95% confi-dence level. Also, the variables of devaluation of the national currency and financial crises have a negative impact on financial development in the Irani-an economy. Besides, the results of the non-linear part of the model (second regime) show the existence of a positive relationship between the variables of role or the rule of law and GDP with financial development. The sign of the variables of quality of regulations, government budget deficit, govern-ment effectiveness, devaluation of the national currency, nuclear sanctions, and financial crises are negative that is expected because Iran is developing and growing. The positive sign of the lag of the dependent variable of the financial development index shows the country's attention to the issue of financial development and the use of solutions and attention to infrastructure to increase financial development over time, which needs more attention from government officials.