درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present Russian political system is tied up with Putin's name; and Putin is consi-dered as a full-fledged political reality. Today's powerful Russia, which has got a new life after the Cold War and the weak collapse period, and has a major impact on global developments including the Middle East, is not understandable except under this title. What inspired writers to analyze Putin's performance is to study the causes of the exis-tence of a personality such as him and the formation of Putinism in today's Russian so-ciety. Knowing the performance of Putin and Putinism requires a clear answer to some questions like, why the phenomenon of Putinism in the 21st century whit democratic structure has emerged and persisted, and what is Putinism at all? The hypothesis that will be presented to understand this issue is that the long-standing political culture of Russia and the geographical and historical imperative of Russian nation have led to the emergence and continuation of Putinism in today's Russian society, as well as the secu-rity and economic problems of the 1990s, humiliation, pressure, and blockade of the west against Russia is the mainstay of the emergence and continuation of Putinism. To investigate the hypothesis of research, firstly we examine the system of pseudo-democracy and then we will discuss Putin's functions and behaviors in the economic, political, and social spheres. Finally, we will discuss about the Russian domestic context and the external factors that led to the formation of Putinism.

About whether Islamic philosophy can play a role in the production of humanities? There is a continuum of ideas that, on the one hand, are ideas that have neglected the role of Islamic philosophy in general. And on the other hand, there are ideas that incor-porate the teachings of Islamic philosophy into paradigmatic elements for the produc-tion of a new type of human science. In the meantime, the ideas emphasize the distinc-tive features of transcendental wisdom, such as the doctrine of the originality of exis-tence, the unity of existence, the imposition of existence and the essential movement among other branches of Islamic philosophy. But acknowledging the role of transcen-dental wisdom in directing humanities, it is clear that the teachings of transcendental wisdom do not directly relate to the humanities. The purpose of this paper is to show how the teachings of transcendental wisdom can influence the science of politics. The claim of this writing is that the teachings of transcendental wisdom constitute a series of philosophical models that, through the transposition of the teachings of transcendental wisdom and political science, make it possible for political science to benefit from tran-scendental wisdom. Examine the present claim through reference to the works of tran-scendental wisdom, and it becomes clear that the teachings of the transcendental wis-dom create philosophical patterns that, in turn, are used as the philosophical foundations of political science. The most important result of this article is the possibility of estab-lishing a science of politics based on the teachings of Transcendent Philosophy. The significance of this achievement for humanities can be used as a structural element in establishing a native paradigm in the humanities.

Gas export is one of the considerable choices in gas consumption to obtain foreign ex-change direct income by the government. Gas can be transformed and exported by various forms such as LNG and GTL. All forms of gar transformation and its export row gas with a convertible coefficient. Therefore, gas export means the total gas export through pipelines, LNG on the other forms of gas transition. Increasing concerns towards the environmental practices and human communal lives, on the other hand, due to be added the natural gas to the numbers of clean fuel applicants. Iran has the most natural gas resources in the Middle-East and universally, offers in the second stance following Russia. Therefore, it’s expected to provide the massive benefit of e4xploitation from the enormous resources of natural gas to present the appropriate opportunities for economic prosperity, industrial development and sustainable technological improvement in Iran. However, the slight share of gas in the for-eign exchange income indicates that Iran's policymaking is inefficient in regard. Analyzing and finding the main reasons for policymaking deficiency in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the gas export domain from 1996 to 2016, was a purpose by which the proposed research was formed. The results of the study indicate that regarding the technical and economic de-pendency of utilization from Iranian oil resources, on the one hand, and the critical signific-ance of oil for governing, and understanding policymaking purposes of Iran gas export is integrated into the political structure. Accordingly, the type of governing structural perspec-tive in the universal system has deprived gas export through LNG pipes and novel technol-ogies. This research is amongst the existing fundamental and theoretical research practices which aim to find originally an appropriate strategy via investigating policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1996 to 2016, for extroverting the current issues. The data-collection method is library-based on which will be done by taking notes of the firsstance resources, and also some valid internet-based ones. The data analytical method will be a descriptive-analytical method.