درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One of the remarkable aspects of the holy Qur’an is the use of diverse linguistic methods to convey a particular idea. This study aims to evaluate the commissive act in the Qur’an using Searle's speech act theory, a theory useful in comprehending deeper semantic levels of holy scriptures. The study used a descriptive-analytical method, and the data were analyzed through a qualitative analysis of statistical results to answer the following questions: What linguistic forms does the Qur’an use to represent commissive speech acts? And what themes or topics are included in these commissive speech acts' utterances? First, employing a desk research approach, the Qur’anic verses containing the commissive speech acts were selected based on syntactic, lexical, and semantic criteria. The distinguishing characteristics of each case were then identified, including the discursive structure of the act, the committed person, and the theme of the commitment. Finally, the relationship between the linguistic form and the theme of the speech acts was examined. The findings reveal that the Qur’an expresses commissive speech acts through four linguistic structures: oath, promise (al-wa‘d), threat (al-wa‘īd), and pledge; each includes divine and non-divine conceptions, and each has a unique characteristic. The quantitative comparison of these four shows that “promise” is the most commonly cited sub-speech act, distinguishing it from other linguistic forms. “Threat”, “oath”, and “pledge” are the other most frequently cited sub-speech acts. Moreover, the evaluation of the speech agents and their status as aspects of the situational context reveals that the speech participants are not equal in terms of position and power, which is a decisive factor in the selection of linguistic forms. In all of these cases, the language structures and their intricacies, particularly modality (modal marking), illustrate the relationship between the linguistics style and power dynamics between the participants. The focus of the themes, domain, and frequency differ throughout the four categories mentioned above, with some overlap in certain instances.

Explaining and interpreting the honor and dignity of man and then finding ways to realize it in human life is one of the most important and fundamental topics in religious sources, especially the Qur'an and hadiths. Since insult is the opposite of honor and respect, the present research is trying to investigate the phenomenon of insult with a skeptology approach using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary information, while measuring and setting human honor and its accessories as a criterion. Considering that any description and attribution knowingly and intentionally causing the weakening and humiliation of human honor and its accessories is considered a category and an example of insult. In this research, the degree of compatibility and incompatibility of the Islamic rulings of inheritance, retribution, corporal punishment of women and women's testimony have been criticized and investigated with respect to human dignity. The results of the research show that Islamic rulings in the aforementioned four topics are based on reality, expediency and health of the family and society, necessity or in order to inform, change undesirable behaviors and prevent crimes. Also, some of the issues raised are necessary as a prescriptive ruling for a specific stage and with special conditions that have been established by the holy legislator.  

process of correcting and editing the verses of the Qur'an has been done by the Prophet under the title of abrogation, which requires distortion of the Qur'an. The Sunnis have documented this view of Orientalists. In this research, which has been written with a descriptive-analytical approach, while reviewing the views of orientalists such as Blasher and others about abrogation, the views of Shiite and Sunni commentators have been expressed and it has been proved that contrary to orientalists, abrogation means modification or change of ruling. It is not an edition, but as the great Shiite scholars and scholars have said, it means the end of the time of ruling and expediency, and it applies only to a few verses. In addition, according to Shiite scholars and Sunni scholars, the recitation of the Qur'an is not correct and is not in the Qur'an because it requires the distortion of the Qur'an.d

In the matter of the formation of the universe, the holy Qur’an mentions various phenomena, each playing a special role in the evolution of the universe. In this article, we describe two celestial phenomena that have been discussed in verses (Q.21:30) and 41:11, and we assess the possibility of matching these two verses with new scientific findings. Our approach in this study is that we first examine the plausible meanings of the verses through lexical, morphological, syntactic and interpretive analysis. Then we propose possible scientific phenomena compatible with achieved meanings of the verse and evaluate their conformity. Results of this study show that the reference of the Qur’an to the two phenomena, i.e., “coalescence and separation of the skies and the earth,” and “the formation of the sky from smoke,” can be compatible with the scientific phenomena of the Big Bang, the formation of the solar system and the formation of the earth and its atmosphere.