درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork from 2004 to 2006 among a range of Iranian organizations in Washington, D.C., this article argues that the studied organizations were engaged, without being always necessarily aware of it or formulating it as such, in what we may call an “ethos transplant:” a transformation of “Iranian character” and political culture to make it more susceptible to “democracy;”a subject-making project in the Foucauldian sense.  We trace this medicalized discourse about “national traits” and “political culture” to the 19th century and review several outbursts of this approach in the Iranian and international scene thenceforth.  Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel, Dracula, is discussed at length as the epitome of this kind of approach

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents. Methodology: This was an applied research in terms of purpose and was a sequential exploratory mixed study in terms of data collection. Data collection tools in the qualitative phase were the analysis of the content of high-level documents (Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE), National Curriculum, Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country, and 20-Year Perspective Document for Iran) to extract the components. In order to ensure the validity of the content analysis checklist, content and face validity method and expert opinion were used. The data in qualitative phase were analyzed through three open, axial and selective coding methods. The findings included 69 symbols in the open coding, where they were classified in the form of 4 concepts including recruitment, teacher education, teacher retention & promotion and evaluation in the axial coding. In the selective coding stage, a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents was developed. The research instrument in the quantitative phase was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative results of the research. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of education. Confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity were used to evaluate the construct validity, and hybrid reliability was used to evaluate the construct reliability. As well as, in the quantitative phase of research, structural equations under Smart PLS software were used to evaluate the standard model of teachers' professional competence. Findings: According to the results of t-statistic, all factor loadings were significant at 99% confidence level and played a significant role in developing the standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents of Education. Conclusion: The proposed model enjoyed an appropriate quality and was approved. Managers, teachers, and administrators in the education of teachers can employ the symbols, concepts, and categories identified in this study in their future planning to shape the teachers' professional competence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching critical thinking on meta-cognitive awareness and epistemological beliefs of high school students. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all second-grade high school students in Zahedan. The sample consisted of 30 subjects who were selected by randomized cluster sampling and were randomly assigned to either experimental (15 subjects) or control (15 People). The data collection tool was a meta-cognitive awareness questionnaire by Shrow and Denison (1994) and an epistemological questionnaire (EQ) (Schumer, 1990, 1993). At first, subjects of both groups were pre-test and then the experimental group received 12 critical thinking training sessions. While the control group did not receive any intervention. Finding: for analyzing the data, covariance analysis was used by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of meta-cognitive awareness and epistemological beliefs in the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P <0.01). The effect of teaching critical thinking on metacognitive awareness and epistemological beliefs of students in the follow-up phase has continued. Conclusion: teaching critical thinking was effective on metacognitive awareness and the epistemological beliefs of students. Teaching students to improve the effective use of abilities, improve their performance and provide them with reasonable decision making and thinking.