درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In 2000, spiritual tourism began to develop in Bali. The development of spiritual tourism started to occur in Ubud, which is a rural tourism area. This spiritual tourism is an alternative to the mass tourism developing in Bali, which is in Denpasar and Badung. Mass tourism has brought various environmental, social, and cultural problems to Bali, such as reducing green areas. During these environmental, social, and cultural problems, spiritual tourism has emerged that is pro-environment, pro-local communities, and pro-local economy. Therefore, this article will reveal spiritual tourism's potential, development, and role in sustainable tourism development. Tourist destination theory, life cycle theory, and sustainable tourism theory will be used to explain the phenomenon of spiritual tourism. This article results from qualitative research with data collection methods through literature study, observation, and interviews. The analysis technique is done qualitatively. The results show Bali has attractions, facilities, access, and management organizations to develop spiritual tourism. This spiritual tourism is a builder of sustainable tourism because it is pro-environment, pro-local community, and pro-local economy.

Tourism covers all the visitor's activity from the beginning to the end of the trip. It is a journey made for business, experience, relaxation, pleasure and learning. This trip can be rooted in the beliefs and culture of the tourist and based his values. In this case, tourism activities can change the worldview by increasing the tourist's knowledege of visiting nature and heritage. According to most psychologists, not paying attention to mental needs endangers the physical health of community members. Strengthening the positive spiritual dimensions by traveling to religious and pilgrimage sites can mainly meet these significant human needs. The present research is based on descriptive study and library documents. The purpose is to describe the relationship between tourism, religion and spirituality. The results of this study show tourism could be based on the divine worldview. It can also be associated with spirituality and the acquisition of morality and lessons. Based on this, it can be said that tourism activity is based on spirituality. 

The potential of a destination to offer distinct local foods influences its image and brand, which in turn results in attracting tourists. In addition, it can be considered a tool to promote a given destination. From a sustainable perspective, culinary tourism provides local communities with a range of opportunities for growth in economic, sociocultural, and even ecological dimensions. Local community involvement is essential in any process involving the promotion of local tourism products; therefore, the importance of local community participation is emphasized in this study. To this end, the current study aims to determine how a community can be involved in promoting cuisine as a cultural tourism product. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research applied interviews as a tool to gather the required data. The city of Rasht in Iran was designated as the study area. The study population was specialists and academics in tourism marketing, officials in tourism-related institutions responsible for local tourism development, chefs, and locals working in the local cuisine sector. A content analysis was performed, leading to the extraction of nine main themes, including community-led creative promotional efforts, continuity and preservation of the position by local people, empowering the local community, sustainable development of food tourism emphasizing community involvement, the government’s support and providing the required infrastructure, building and maintaining the brand, advertising effort, supply and sale, and research and development.

The growing and accelerated growth of the tourism industry has led many scholars to call the twentieth century the century of tourism. The tourism industry is one of the most important phenomena of the present century. This study aimed to investigate the effect of commemorative memoirs of tourists on the intention to re-buy (retry) tourists in Mashhad. The research is applied in its purpose, and it is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population is the tourists who visited Mashhad in the spring of 1396, and as the sample, 384 people were selected. Lisrel software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that reminders of tourism memories have a positive and significant effect on the use of memorable leisure destinations, retreat and attachment to Mashhad city, Satisfaction of tourists with a trip to remember the memories of tourists, attachment to the city of Mashhad, and re-trips have a positive and significant effect, The use of memorable leisure destinations also has a positive and significant impact on the intention of traveling and attachment to Mashhad. Also, the attachment to Mashhad has a positive and significant effect on the intention to retreat. The combination of destinations with the inclination of tourists also has a positive and significant impact on the recollection of tourists' memories. 

The present study tries to analyze the role of emotional intelligence of service providers in the trip process (before, during, and after) with a different view of sustainable tourism (from the perspective of tourist satisfaction) and emphasis on the human spiritual needs, to pave the way for further access tourist satisfaction and implementation of sustainable tourism. This is an applied exploratory research and has been done by content analysis and system thinking (to draw a conceptual model qualitatively and validated by experts). Data was collected through in-depth interviews with experts in sustainable tourism and spirituality. Experts were recruited through purposeful snowball sampling until data saturation and theoretical saturation. based on the findings, service providers' emotional intelligence plays an important role in improving the travel process by (A) helping the tourist in choosing the right travel package (before the trip), (B) creating a sense of calm, cheerfulness, and happiness in the tourist through responding to his spiritual needs (during the trip) and (C) impact positively in the mental evaluations and future decisions of tourist (after the trip). Based on systemic thinking, the results showed that paying attention to the tourists' spiritual needs through the employees' emotional intelligence is effective in achieving more sustainable tourism, so according to research findings and the widespread role of emotional intelligence in the travel process, training of service providers in the use of emotional intelligence is recommended to activists and planners in this industry

The number of traveling Muslims has increased substantially, and demands for Islamic facilities and services that adhere to their religious practices are growing exponentially. This creates business opportunities for service providers in Muslim and non-Muslim countries alike. Propelled by the growth of this new market segment, service providers such as airlines and hotels have customized aspects of their businesses to accommodate these niche demands. However, some industry players willfully ignore this market, either for fear of losing non-Muslim customers or lacking the know-how to tap into this lucrative new market. This research benchmarked some service providers (hotels) worldwide and conducted a content analysis of their websites to identify the services they provided for Muslims. The evidence shows that some hotels worldwide provide limited services to satisfy Muslim needs. Most of these hotels did not provide information about their Islamic facilities on their website, including some hotels in Islamic countries. This can be related to the social pressure (non-Muslim tourist markets), which prevents service providers from advertising their services. Lack of knowledge and research on the factors that prevent service providers from serving Muslim tourists and little information about their challenges make this area unexplored. Future research should test the research model proposed by this study and identify the factors influencing the service provider’s intention to serve the Muslim market and the barriers. This paper can serve as a guideline for industry players to partake in this growing and lucrative market.