درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Though privileges ascribed to various facets of language learning strategy training have long been espoused with regard to varied language skills and components, the role some individual variables such as emotional intelligence might play in this respect seems to have received very scant attention. The researchers in the current study embarked on a probe into the impact of metacognitive strategy training on Iranian EFL learners' argumentative writing performance, in the light of individuals' emotional intelligence and gender differences. To this end, a total of 69 advanced EFL institute learners were selected as the participants of the research. The experimental group members were, then, treated through the application of O'Malley and Chamot's (1990) CALLA (Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach) for metacognitive writing strategy training. Moreover, Bar-On's (1997a, 1997b) Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) was administered to learners to gain insight into their emotional intelligence status. The final analysis of data via running t-test and three-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the performance of control and experimental groups. Additionally, while gender differences were found to produce significant writing performance differences, disparities in learners' emotional intelligence level didn't significantly affect the degree of gains resulting from metacognitive strategy training.

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر خلاصه نویسی بر دانش بلاغی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی میباشد. سی دانشجوی خانم در رشته ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه الزهرا در این بررسی شرکت نموده اند. آموزشهای نوشتاری شامل دو مرحله بوده است که هر یک به مدت چهار هفته به طول انجامید. دانشجویان بر اساس مدل ""اس"" به دو گروه آزمون و شاهد تقسیم گردیده وآموزشهایی مبنی بر گونه نوشتاری و رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند. گروه آزمون در طول مرحله اول خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری و در طول مرحله دوم آموزش رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند لکن گروه شاهد فقط در طول مرحله دوم آموزش مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت نمودند. سوالات تحقیق پس آزمون دو مورد بود که آیا خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را بهبود میبخشد و اینکه چگونه دانش بلاغی دانشجویان وقتی آموزشهای ساختاری به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده میشوند افزایش می یابد. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز جهت پاسخگویی به دو سوال تحقیقی ذکر شده ابزارهایی نظیر فرم ارزیابی برگرفته از طرح هیتون 1988و روش تجزیه تحلیل کمی متن برگرفته از مدل ""اسکات""1996 بکار گرفته شده اند. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش آماری "" تی تست"" نشان داد که خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری ، دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را در محتوا ،سازمان دهی، استفاده درست از زبان و پیچیدگی ساختاری افزایش میدهد.همچنین یافته های این بررسی بیانگر این مطلب بوده است که رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند و گونه نوشتاری می توانند به عنوان روشهای مکمل هم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری می توانند به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده شوند.

Concerns over the phony nature of textbooks and artificiality of their contents in reflecting authentic language have been raised by a number of researchers. It has been argued that many language teaching programs result in the failure of learners of English to successfully communicate in the target language. The problem with these programs is that there is no general agreement about the success of these materials in developing the pragmatic competence necessary for interlocutors’ mutually intelligible communication[D1] . Hence, this study explored communicated requests for nonverbal/verbal goods and services (RNGS/RVGS) in the dialogues of 5 textbooks and 8 English movies. The utterances of the textbooks and movies were evaluated on six criteria deriving from research on speech act theory, politeness, and conversation analysis. These included whether the textbooks discussed second pair parts, the forms of requests, the context of request occurrence, the nature of the devices through which the requests are mitigated, and multi-turn request forms. The results of the analysis revealed that, except for re-requests and dispreferred responses of RNGS,textbooks’ strategies including forms, face, contexts of RVGS, and strategies of RNGSwere not realized through adequate examples compared to their variants in movies.Most importantly,except for bald on record, internal mitigators of RVGS, external mitigators, and direct and indirect forms of RNGS, the other request strategies in the textbooks showed less variety than those of their counterparts in the movies. Internally mitigated RVGS were the onlystrategies variouslyexploited in the textbooks.The findings revealed that textbook designers should improve their instructional materials by incorporatingmore accurate samples of communicated requests in their future textbooks.

This study sought to examine the relationship between the use of formative -efficacy. Moreover, this study investigated the relationships and interactions between the EFL use of formative assessment strategies, their gender, level of experience, and sense of self-efficacy. This is a descriptive ex post facto design study which employed a three- assessment strategies f self-efficacy. In order to collect data, sixty-one EFL teachers, including thirty-one female and thirty male participants who were selected through convenience sampling, completed the questionnaire. Multiple statistical strategies were employed to analyze the research questions of the study. The use of formative assessment strategies was positively correlated with their sense of self-efficacy. However, the results of eta correlation coefficients revealed that there formative assessment strategies and two other variables of gender and level of experience. Finally, the results of a three way factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) evinced that there was no statistically significant interaction between the strategies -efficacy, their gender, and level of experience. Therefore, when the teachers become more aware of the ways to implement formative assessment strategies to inform instruction, their sense of self-efficacy can increase. This study has some implications in language testing, English pedagogy, and syllabus design and materials development.

Academic writing ability is an important goal that learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) try to attain. While ESL students’ academic writings have been widely explored, owing to few studies investigating appraisal resources in EFL students’ argumentative writing, the gap still exists about EFL students’ academic writing. This study aimed to see how Kurdish-speaking learners of English employ appraisal resources in their writings. It further aimed to explore whether the appraisal framework can be utilized as an assessment scale for evaluating the students’ argumentative writing. To this end, the study investigated the argumentative essays written by 15 bilingual Kurdish-Iranian graduates of English within the framework of the appraisal theory. The instruments applied in this study consisted of a modified rating scale for assessing the essays in terms of the macrostructures exploited in them and the framework for the analysis of appraisal resources. Quantitative findings revealed high-graded essays employ more attitudinal items and fewer monoglossic resources than low-graded ones. Qualitatively, the high-graded essays articulated attitudinal values in nominal forms and sometimes in a backgrounded manner while these values were mostly presented by surge of feelings and in a foregrounded way in the low-graded essays. Regarding engagement, unlike the high-graded essays, the low-graded ones were poor in recognizing other voices and alternative positions. Inspired by the strength of the appraisal model evaluating writing, results suggest that high-graded essays are successful in positioning readers attitudinally and clarifying the ethical message to readers.