فرشته موتابی

Shame is one of the emotions that a person experiences in a variety of everyday situations and many cases it is annoying. Shame is known as a moral emotion, yet its role in psychopathology has been emphasized. This study aimed to examine the lived experience of shame in individuals . This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. This research describes in-depth what shame is and how it is experienced from the perspective of individuals. The participants included eight men and seven women who contributed to an in-depth unstructured interview. A seven-step Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA (2018) software.Based on our findings, the eight themes of "physical reactions", "accompanying emotions", "making mistakes", "vicarious shame", "gaze of others", "being subject to judgment", " preoccupation" and three sub-themes of "worry", "rumination" and "blame", "existential shame" with the sub-themes of "inadequacy" and "feeling different" are the most common ones in people's experience of shame. Results are discussed regarding the existing literature. In general, the study of people's experience of shame shows that there are common themes in the description of different people from what they have experienced. The use of shame as a concept in psychotherapy may improve our understanding of the nature of some psychological problems.

Extramarital relations are among the main problems in the relationships of married couples that can result in psychological disorders, tensions between couples, and even physical problems in the people involved. The risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, is high among the people who have extramarital relations. A large number of studies have addressed this issue, but there is no consistency in the results, and no research has reviewed them systematically. This study aims to depict a comprehensive image of the relationship between extramarital relationships and contracting HIV/AIDS. This systematic review will be conducted using Pubmed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as the grey literature with no restriction regarding the language. All types of studies investigated the relationship between extramarital relations and HIV/AIDS will be included. The population of the study will be considered the people more than 18 years old with extramarital relationships in their lives at the time of research or before. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection and data extraction. The assessment of the risk of bias will be implemented using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Begg’s, and Egger’s tests. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I2 statistic and the χ2 test. Also, we will conduct subgroup analyses for the population and all Meta-analyses will be performed using Stata V.13 software. The findings will reveal a comprehensive picture of the relation between extramarital relationships and HIV/AIDS that can improve policy decisions, leading to a reduction and providing improved special services for individuals, couples, and families, and society who faced this problem.

Background: The Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness and Engagement (BARE) Scale, is a short self-report questionnaire that measures the key behaviors of attachment system. It can be easily administered by both clinicians and researchers of different domains as the dyadic relationship of attachment and mental/physical health has proved by a vast majority of studies. To our knowledge, there is no measure that specifically focuses on couple attachment. Furthermore, we could not find any systematic review and/or meta-analysis which have been conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of BARE. Methods/design: Two independent reviewers will search comprehensively through relevant databases and also grey literature. Information will be analyzed by means of priori defined criteria by Two of reviewers. Seemingly, data will be extracted from the full texts of included studies based on a set of data extraction form in accordance with the related psychometric information. The methodological quality of studies on the development and validation of BARE will be assessed using consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Finally, the psychometrics of this tool, will then be analyzed using predefined criteria. Result. Systematic review with meta-analyses involving multidimensional outcomes. Discussion: In this protocol, we have briefly described our method for conducting a systematic review in order to measuring the psychometric properties of BARE. All of reasons call for exploring psychometric properties of BARE discussed comprehensively in introduction. It is a first and crucial step to formulate the recommendations every researcher either a clinician needs in work with couples. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020210098

Researchers believe that separation and divorce are the most important stressful events that can happen in life. Therefore, divorce is a complex and painful process that leads to changes in different areas of life and requires coping strategies. This is despite the fact that more studies have focused on women and children after divorce, and men's divorce has been neglected. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, and plot the main concepts relating to men's divorce and its dimensions, domains, impacts and factors based on the main references and evidence. The scoping review method was used to search electronic databases for relevant articles. Of the 3025 abstracts initially identified, after screening both abstracts and full texts, 26 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. After abstracting key information from each study, a content analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified from the content analysis: 1) Demographic, 2) child custody, 3) Psychological factors, 4) attachment style and 5) Coping strategies. This study explained and identified the men's divorce components, its results can reduce the negative effects of divorce on men.

Divorce is one of the most major stressors in life . has potentially negative consequences for mental and physical health. So, One’s ability to cope with divorce breeds in more general health. the focus of studies is more concentrated on the effects of divorce on children and women, while the consequences of this phenomenon on men are regrettably neglected. researches showed that divorced men are at highly significant risk for early death based on the cumulative number of years that men lived as divorcees. hypertension is mainly known as a consequence of distress among divorced men. A limited number of heterogeneous researches have concentrated on the experience of divorce in men. However, they are heading for more negative consequences and sometimes the positive consequences are neglected. to eliminate these shortcomings, the Scoping review method will be used for running an exploratory study on the current heterogeneous literature and It will be useful for future research