واکاوی سیاستگذاری نوین زیست محیطی منطقه ای اتحادیه اروپا در قبال تغییر اقلیم: پیمان سبز اروپایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مجموعه فعالیت ها، کنش ها و تصمیم سازی های سیاسی، حقوقی و اقتصادی در جهت حفظ و احیا محیط زیست، سیاست گذاری زیست-محیطی اطلاق می گردد. در آستانه دهه سوم از قرن بیست و یکم، بحران تغییر اقلیم و امنیت زیست محیطی به عنوان تهدید اصلی پیش روی بشر عنوان گردیده است. سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی منطقه ای توانسته اند کارآمدی بیشتر و بهینه تری را نسبت به سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی جهانی در قبال پیشگیری و کنترل تغییرات اقلیمی در مناطق، ایفا نمایند. مشارکت بازیگران منطقه ای، فنی و تخصصی تر بودن و همچنین توانایی بیشتر در تامین مالی از جمله ویژگی های سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی منطقه ای هستند که در لوای منطقه گرایی زیست محیطی شکل می گیرند. پیمان سبز اروپایی جدید ترین سیاست گذاری زیست محیطی اتحادیه اروپا می باشد که از جهت ماهیت، گستره، دقت و آینده نگری با سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی پیشین متفاوت و متمایز است. این تحقیق در صدد است ابتدا به تبیین منطقه گرایی زیست محیطی و مزیت های سیاست گذاری زیست محیطی منطقه ای پرداخته و سپس چیستی و ماهیت پیمان سبز را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. همچنین با بررسی پیشینه سیاست گذاری زیست محیطی در اروپا، چرایی و ضرورت اتخاذ پیمان سبز را تببین کرده و درنهایت تمایزهای این پیمان و آینده پیش روی آن را واکاوی نماید. در این تحقیق از روش تحلیلی-تبیینی و منابع اولیه و ثانویه برای پاسخ به سوال های: پیمان سبز اروپایی چیست و چه تمایزی با دیگر سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی دارد؟ و سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی منطقه ای و منطقه گرایی زیست محیطی از چه اهمیتی برخوردارند؟ و آینده اتحادیه اروپا در قبال تغییرات اقلیمی و سیاست گذاری های زیست محیطی منطقه ای چگونه خواهد بود؟ استفاده شده است.Analyzing the European Union’s new regional policy-making regarding climate change: European Green Deal
The collection of political, legal and economic activities, actions and decision-making in order to preserve and restore the environment is referred to as environmental policy-making. On the eve of the third decade of the 21st century, the crisis of climate change and environmental security has been mentioned as the main threat to humanity. Regional environmental policy-making have been able to be more efficient than global environmental policy-making in terms of climate change prevention and control in regions. The participation of regional actors, being more technical and specialized are among the characteristics of regional environmental policy-making that are formed under the banner of environmental regionalism. The European Green Deal is the latest environmental policy-making of the European Union, which is different and distinct from previous environmental policy-making. This research aims to firstly explain environmental regionalism and the advantages of regional environmental policy-making and then investigate the nature of the Green Deal. Also, by examining the background of the issue of environmental policy in Europe, explain why and the necessity of adopting the Green Deal and finally analyze the distinctions of this Deal and its future. In this research, analytical-explanatory method and primary and secondary sources are used to answer the questions: What is the European Green Deal and how does it differ from other environmental policy-making? And what is the importance of environmental policy-making and environmental regionalism? And what will be the future of the European Union in terms of climate change and environmental policy-making? Used.Introduction Environmental policies are a set of effective and efficient measures that have been able to control and prevent environmental crises to an optimal extent, including the Rio Convention, the Stockholm Treaty or the Paris Agreement. The twenty-seven series of the Conference of the Parties, which is a subset of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and in the form of the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, are also among the most extensive global environmental policies. The European Green Deal, which is the common denominator of the activities of the EU member states in the form of the European Commission and the European Parliament, was approved and entered into force in the European Council in 2019. Theoretical framework Environmental regionalism, as its name suggests, is the convergence and commonalities regarding the importance of the environment in a specific region, which has been formed from new regionalism and attention to common identity and concepts and on the structural foundations of new regionalism. Environmental regionalism is geographically closely related to regionalism and also from the aspect of belonging to common values, climate change is a common value threat to neo-regionalism. In fact, the environment as the basis of human civilization shapes the common identities and culture of the neighbors and creates an environment that goes beyond the economic and political links, agreements and treaties related to them. The existence of this space establishes the prerequisites of the region and neo-regionalism, such as cooperation and convergence in recognizing the threat, adopting the appropriate strategy against the threat, common understanding of threats and facing the threat jointly. In fact, the potential of the environment to create cooperation and convergence in times of crisis and environmental hazards from the potential of economic relations and cooperation It is also more political. Methodology This research uses explanatory analytical method and first-hand sources such as the master of treaties and regulations as well as books and articles to answer the main and secondary questions, i.e. what is the European Green Deal and how is it different from other environmental policies? And What is the importance of regional environmental policies and environmental regionalism? And what will be the future of the European Union in terms of climate change and regional environmental policies? Interest is paid. The main hypothesis of the authors is the difference and differentiation of this agreement with other existing environmental policies in terms of the function of the broad nature of accuracy and foresight, and attention to the important position of regional environmental policies under the banner of environmental regionalism against climate change is of special importance. they know. Also, they consider the future of peace and security of the European Union to depend on environmental security and in the context of regional environmental policies. The results of this research show that this agreement can be a novel example for adopting similar methods and policies in order to restore the environment and promote environmental security in other regions in terms of ingenuity in the technical methods of adopting financial and economic policies as well as convergence and collective cooperation. Also, in this sense, the main purpose of research is to investigate And the explanation of this new environmental policy is called the European Green Deal. Result and Discussion The European Green Deal is a collection of political and legal measures of the European Commission with the main goal of restoring the European environment until 2050 and with the possibility of time extension. Also, this agreement is a fundamental goal to achieve the goal of reducing the Union's greenhouse gas emissions by 30% and at most 50% compared to the level of greenhouse gases in 1990. The difference between the European Agreement for 2030 to the European Green Minimum and the previous environmental policies of this union lies in its provisions and how it is implemented. These programs are divided into three strategic stages, including the first stage of determining strategies and estimating the road map, the second stage of specialized measures and the adoption of specific policies, and the third stage of reviewing the process of adopting new strategies and long-term plans. However, understanding the specific provisions and programs of the Green Deal requires examining the texts of laws, documents, and declarations of the Parliament, the Council of the Court, and the European Bank. Although the Council and the European Commission initially define the way by creating a strategic map and then monitor the performance of others with a supervisory view; But it is the duty of each body in the European Union to deal with how to implement the strategic plan in practice.Conclusion and Suggestions The results showed that this agreement includes preliminary review of all laws before approval, as well as the introduction and approval of new laws on water economy, bio-friendly industrial issues, sustainable technology and biodiversity. By examining the goals of this agreement, we can conclude that the goal of the clay regional block is the main goal of this agreement from the perspective of climate. The executive mechanism of the Green Deal was of special importance for the achievement of goals, as well as a test of their realism, according to the authors. The results show the executive and regulatory mechanism of the Green Agreement in the form of taxes Diversification of energy sources, new ways of monitoring companies, continuous budget allocation by the European Bank, judicial follow-up by the European Police and the European Court, legislative support and active participation of representatives in the Commission Council and the European Parliament have been imposed on Crane. Also, paying attention to the members' environmental performance index and its promotion and progress has been one of the important issues of the European Council meetings in recent years. The implementation scope of this agreement can be divided into seven provisions, including clean energy, sustainable industry, sustainable agriculture construction and renovation, pollution purification, sustainable transportation and protection of environmental diversity categorized.
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