Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of implementing participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Methodology: This study was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included the faculty members and experts in the field of public administration, professors familiar with the subject of the research and managers with experience in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country, who were selected as 12 subjects using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section also included managers, deputies and experts of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Sciences of the country. The research tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, it was a researcher made questionnaire. Theme analysis was used to analyze the information in the qualitative part and the AHP method was used to prioritize the factors. Findings: The results indicated that; infrastructures, bureaucratic factors, environmental obstacles, weakness in policy making, public accountability, communication, joint commitment, trust building, obstacles related to executives and common destiny are the main challenges in the implementation of participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Conclusion: A total of 10 main themes and 59 sub-themes were identified.
