Corona virus

The high prevalence of the coronavirus has put the world in a dangerous position, and fear and anxiety have spread across the globe, leading to significant social and psychological damage around the world. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate the implications of communicational, biological and psychological connections of Corona virus on families. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method were used. The statistical population of the study included the group with Covid-19 disease and the group with acceptable prevention of Covid-19 disease in Tehran. The sampling method was purposive. Thirteen patients (cured from the disease and non-sick) were selected as the sample. Data collection was done through semi-structured researcher-made interviews and data analysis was done by content analysis method. Klaizi seven-step method was used to analyze the data. The five main categories include intra-family relationships, negative feelings and emotions caused by illness, changes in the behavior of others (after social relationships), family disputes and lifestyle changes, and 24 subcategories and 100 free codes of research results. According to the results, it can be said that the design of psychological interventions to improve mental health during this epidemic should be done and also a community program of critical psychological intervention should be prepared and implemented to compensate for the devastating effects after Covid 19.

The spread of coronavirus in the world has had various effects on industries, especially the sports industry. The purpose of this study was to explain and classify the effects of coronavirus outbreak on the dimensions of the sports industry. The present study was applied in nature, mixed in terms of data retrieval and descriptive-exploratory in terms of data analysis method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative section included sports experts, 18 people were purposefully selected, and the statistical population in the quantitative section included all activists in the field of sports and sports industry, of which 600 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection in the qualitative part was done by the systematic method of data theory and in the quantitative part, using a researcher-made questionnaire obtained from the qualitative part of the present study with 79 items in 2 dimensions of direct effects and indirect effects on a 5-point Likert scale. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS24 and Amos statistical software. The results showed that the outbreak of coronavirus had a direct and indirect role in the production and distribution sectors, private and public sectors, sports education and research, trade, events and competitions, technology, services and economics of the sports industry. This finding can help the country's sports managers and officials to improve the situation of the sports industry in the post-Corona era.

Purpose : The present study was carried out aiming to identify the challenges and opportunities of virtual teaching during the Coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of teachers. Methodology : The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation. The statistical population includes middle school and high school teachers in the city of Dehloran during the 2020-2021 school year. The sample size was determined 18 people based on the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted through semi-constructed interviews and data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. The credibility of the findings was assessed using face validity (Five academic experts including two sociology professors, one psychology professor, and two curriculum design professors) and Cohen’s kappa agreement coefficient was used for reliability, for which a value of 0.88 was obtained. Findings : Findings show that 23 open codes and 7 axial codes (a globalized approach, parents’ experiences, the lower psychological and economic cost of virtual teaching, the constant nature of virtual teaching, the adaptability of pillars of the education system, a selective teaching method, and teachers’ social status) were identified as opportunities of virtual teaching. Also, 24 open codes and 8 axial codes (infrastructural factors, economic challenges, ambiguity about roles, lack of technological skills, lost motivation in teachers and students, the risk of teaching, and teachers’ competencies) were identified as challenges of virtual education during the pandemic. Conclusion : Given the uncertainty of when the pandemic will be completely done with, the continuation of virtual teaching is necessary and those in charge of education must seriously pay attention to the present challenges to improve its quality.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Due to the outbreak of a virus from the corona family called Covid-19, which has infected millions of people around the world, the subject of the possibility or impossibility of Government responsibility for infectious diseases is a global issue. It is the Government's duty to act in order to improve human life, and this is in accordance with its existential philosophy. This debate originates from the capabilities and powers that are monopolized by Government. It is believed that, by resorting to the authority and discretions of a conventional Government, it can prevent the spread of many infectious diseases to a large extent and in case of negligence in performing tasks, must be liable. This is the initial question: Why should the Government be liable for infectious disease which it had no role in creating it? METHOD AND FINDING : In this paper, by descriptive and analytical method and by collecting library resources, the continuity and relation between the responsibility of the Government and infectious diseases will be discussed. The Right to Life and the Right to Health are the basis of legal authority to intervene in the field of infectious diseases. CONCLUSION : Public Law and Human Rights has a special view of infectious diseases and some statutes provide for Emergency Situations. Governments are committed to taking the most effective measures possible to prevent spread of infectious diseases. According to the findings of this study, during Corona, these liabilities for the Government can be enumerated: Identification, Determining the liable authorities and institution, Education, Responsibility for prevention and treatment, Establish and expand insurance protections, Compensation for victims, Judicial and political Responsibility. In Iran, it is necessary to design a comprehensive system for exceptional situations such as pandemics.

Based on Statista reports as of April 7, 2020, there have been 52,624 deaths in Europe due to COVID-19 since the first recorded European death in France on February 15. We compared two models to assess the outbreak of coronavirus in the UK, Spain and Belgium, their healthcare expenditure and the number of hospital beds as two indices of the healthcare system. Base and advance exponential smoothing models were used to forecast the total number of new cases and fatalities in the next 15 days for each of the evaluated countries, with an upper and lower banding. The models were fine-tuned with temporal granularity and an adjust seasonality set to seven days. Furthermore, the study assessed the healthcare capacity of these countries by looking at key metrics at a national level and tried to compare them in a relative term by drawing correlations between the total number of cases and fatalities. In addition, the current study compared the three countries according to the KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE and PRACTICE (KAP) system and found the associated similarities. Also, the gaps in KAP on WHO level was appraised. The KAP shortfalls at all levels of international, governmental, organizational and individual levels were recognized. The success of the implementation of any intervention in the prevention of coronavirus epidemics is highly dependent on KAP of people, organizations and governments. Finally, a multicomponent system at international level is proposed to tackle the future infectious pandemics.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and the use of quarantine to prevent it have increased psychological reactions like depression, anxiety and stress in the general population. Hence, the need to identify variables that can affect these psychological reactions is felt more than ever. The aim of this study was to predict the rate of depression, stress and anxiety during quarantine based on psychological flexibility, dysfunctional attitude and coping styles. Method The research design was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all students who were active in the social media. A total of 501 students accessed the call for completion of questionnaires on online media, including Instagram, completed prepared questionnaires in the Google Form format. Measures included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21, 1995), the Revised Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-26, 1978), the Acceptance and Practice Questionnaire (AAQ-II, 2005), and the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ, 1984). Results Psychological inflexibility, dysfunctional attitudes, and maladaptive coping strategies predicted depression, anxiety, and stress in a positive way, but problem-oriented coping strategies only showed an inverse relationship with depression. In regression analyzes, the variable of psychological inflexibility had the greatest effect on explaining depression, anxiety and stress. Discussion and Conclusion It can be concluded that teaching psychological flexibility and cognitive reconstruction can be useful in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress during the quarantine. Teaching problem-solving strategies can also have positive effects on reducing depression.