مطالب

Today, considering that the growth and flourishing of any organization depend on the knowledge and capabilities of its leaders, the first and most important step in this path is to identify the level of knowledge and ability of the leaders within an organization. The most effective tool for understanding the awareness of managers is to recognize their competencies within the organization. The aim of the present research was to design a comprehensive leadership model. A qualitative case study research design was employed. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria, resulting in 27 elites and faculty members from Fars Province being chosen for interviews. To obtain the credibility and validity of the data, participant response review methods were used, and reliability was assessed using the Holistic coefficient, which was found to be 0.81. The findings of the research indicated that the comprehensive leadership competency model consists of four overarching themes: clear thinking, which includes future thinking, team thinking, conceptual thinking, and creative thinking; self-leadership, which encompasses self-management, accountability, flexibility, resilience, and continuous learning; guiding others, which includes empathy, perception and evaluation, multigenerational leadership, communication skills, writing skills, and diplomacy; and knowledge management, which involves negotiation, conflict management, coaching, customer orientation, problem-solving, and authenticity.

This research examines the effects of these changes on the spatial structure of cities and the challenges arising from them. in this regard, the current study was conducted with the aim of measuring and analyzing the role of political divisions and their effects on the spatial transformations of Tehran's Districts 18 and 19, with an emphasis on the phenomenon of sprawl and the formation of marginalized communities. based on the research objectives and the components under review, the research is of an applied type, and its method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical data were prepared using a documentary method, and empirical data were prepared using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of 93 experts and specialists selected through judgmental or purposive sampling. To analyze the information obtained, statistical tests such as the one-sample T-test and Friedman test were used in SPSS software. The analysis of the role of political divisions in the spatial transformations of Tehran's Districts 18 and 19 showed that these divisions have been unable to manage sprawl and the formation of marginalized communities in these areas and, in some cases, have intensified spatial instabilities. In the economic dimension, an increase in land prices and a weakness in attracting investment and the equitable distribution of opportunities are evident. In the environmental dimension, the destruction of ecosystems and a reduction in biodiversity are visible. In the socio-cultural dimension, although a sense of belonging and social participation has improved, social divides and inequalities have intensified.

Human beings are meaning-generators, and their pursuit of meaning manifests through interpreting “signs.” Architectural elements can be perceived as signs capable of conveying valuable and significant messages. The more precise the semiotic interpretation of architectural elements, the deeper the understanding of their meaning. Since entry into any space necessitates passing through its door, the door functions as a connector between different realms, as an intermediary between a given place’s exterior and interior. Given the unique architectural significance of doors at entrances of Islamic pilgrimage shrines, they can be interpreted as meaningful signs. “Being at the shrine” can be understood as a form of human presence, which is materialized at entrances of Islamic pilgrimage shrines, particularly through the focal point of the door. The door marks the beginning of a transition into a sacred space, and numerous rituals are associated with this entry point. These rituals emphasize the commencement of the rites of entrance and initiation into a holy site. This study applies semiotic analysis based on Peirce’s model to examine the architectural element of the door as a meaningful sign. It seeks to answer the following questions: How can the physical characteristics of an entrance be interpreted both as a response to functional necessity and as a meaning-generating sign in the forms of index (namāya), symbol (namād), and icon (shamāyil)? Additionally, what concepts are semantically aligned with the door concerning the entrances of Islamic pilgrimage shrines? The research is based on a library study for data collection and employs a descriptive-analytical method to interpret the semiotics of doors. The findings indicate that the architectural element of the door, beyond its functional essence, encapsulates profound meanings. Semiotics offers a powerful tool for enhancing this architectural element’s understanding and deep analysis, allowing for a more precise interpretation. The primary function of the door as a sign is to establish a communicative space between the exterior and the interior. The door facilitates guidance and invitation into the sacred environment by dividing the spatial domain into inside and outside. Moreover, the first rites of initiation and presence commence here—placing the hand on the chest, expressing reverence, offering salutations, and seeking permission to enter. Therefore, the door is the gateway to the realm of presence and encounter. In the entrance of Islamic pilgrimage shrines, the door can be interpreted as a symbolic manifestation of the Divine Name al-Hādī (the Guide), the Imam’s guidance, the Perfect Man’s station, and the mediator of Divine Grace