This research examines the effects of these changes on the spatial structure of cities and the challenges arising from them. in this regard, the current study was conducted with the aim of measuring and analyzing the role of political divisions and their effects on the spatial transformations of Tehran's Districts 18 and 19, with an emphasis on the phenomenon of sprawl and the formation of marginalized communities. based on the research objectives and the components under review, the research is of an applied type, and its method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical data were prepared using a documentary method, and empirical data were prepared using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of 93 experts and specialists selected through judgmental or purposive sampling. To analyze the information obtained, statistical tests such as the one-sample T-test and Friedman test were used in SPSS software. The analysis of the role of political divisions in the spatial transformations of Tehran's Districts 18 and 19 showed that these divisions have been unable to manage sprawl and the formation of marginalized communities in these areas and, in some cases, have intensified spatial instabilities. In the economic dimension, an increase in land prices and a weakness in attracting investment and the equitable distribution of opportunities are evident. In the environmental dimension, the destruction of ecosystems and a reduction in biodiversity are visible. In the socio-cultural dimension, although a sense of belonging and social participation has improved, social divides and inequalities have intensified.
