درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of institutional quality on the export ofintermediate goods 3 by developing countries according to good, moderate, and bad institutionalquality conditions. The institutional variable included the World Bank’s average goodgovernance index. The estimation of the model was carried out using panel data for 1997-2021on a sample of 131 developing countries by the application of the Estimated Generalized LeastSquares (EGLS) method. The results show that the institutional quality has an impact on bilateralexports of developing countries only among the pairs of countries with similar conditions ofmoderate institutional quality. Thus, the governments of developing countries having moderategovernance conditions need to prioritize development and extensive reforms concerninginstitutional development to increase their exports of intermediate goods.JFL Classification: F14, O14, O24, Q58

Uncertainty and critical conditions have become one of the most important challenges in the world today. In order to achieve superiority in economic competition, the supply chain must be designed in such a way that it has the necessary resilience in critical situations. One of the things that can be considered in this regard is the role of social media in the resilience of the supply chain. Considering the impact that social media has on business processes and considering the rapid and significant advances in information and communication technology, the use of social media in risk situations can be very effective. This research examines the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain with a hybrid approach. The results of this research include 118 open codes, 43 core codes, and 13 main categories. The 13 selected codes of this research are placed in the form of five general categories of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. Causal conditions include 2 selective codes, 8 concepts, and 21 open codes. The contextual conditions include 3 selected codes, 10 concepts, and 25 open codes. Intervening conditions include 2 optional codes, 7 concepts, and 21 open codes. The strategies include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts, and 19 open codes. The results include 4 selected codes, 11 concepts, and 32 open codes.

Prior research has extensively examined the motivating factors driving tourists to visit religious sites; however, there has been a noticeable gap in understanding the emotional experiences of tourists during these visits. The primary objective of this study is to explore and quantify the emotional states, arousal levels, and overall satisfaction of tourists while visiting religious destinations. The study draws upon data gathered from 149 tourists who visited the Ascension Cathedral in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Descriptive statistical methods are employed to assess and compare different demographic groups within the sample. The results of this study reveal that visiting religious places evokes a profound sense of inner peace and happiness among tourists, transcending religious boundaries. Remarkably, even tourists practicing religions other than the one associated with the visited site reported feeling blessed during their visits. Participants described a heightened sense of inner contentment and noted that the physical and mental pressures they carried seemed to dissipate during their pilgrimage. These findings contribute significantly to our comprehension of the multifaceted dimensions of religious and spiritual tourism, shedding light on the pivotal factors that drive individuals to embark on transformative journeys. By delving into the emotional and experiential aspects of religious and spiritual tourism, this study underscores the importance of emotional well-being and inner fulfilment as crucial motivators in tourists' engagement with religious sites.

Intangible cultural heritage, a cornerstone of sustainable tourism development, plays a pivotal role in differentiating destinations and attracting visitors. However, its effective preservation and promotion require a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence its development. This study employs a qualitative research approach, specifically an exploratory design. The target population comprises experts in the field of tourism and cultural heritage, and snowball sampling was utilized to select participants. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by using the thematic analysis method and MAXQDA software. The method of retesting the interviews has been used to confirm and increase the validity of the interviews’ results. The output obtained from the analysis of the interviews includes 270 open codes and 80 axial codes in the form of 18 sub-themes, which are as following: creative tourists, infrastructure, capitalistic view of heritage, linking heritage with tourism, women's relationship with intangible heritage, destination management, organization, combination of creativity and culture, empowering and augmenting women’s capability, education, motivation, women's role, supporting women, supporting creative tourism, capacity and competitiveness of the destination, characteristics of the destination, handicrafts and festivals. These themes have been embedded in the three main categories of creativity, creative tourism and development of intangible heritage. On the basis of that, a model for the development of intangible cultural heritage was proposed. The findings of this study showed that in many destinations, the development of creative tourism and the creativity of the residential community, especially women, can be one of the branches of tourism development and as an incentive for the development of intangible cultural heritage.