درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Among the four Gospels, the Gospel of John has a unique theology that distinguishes it from the rest of the Gospels. In this Gospel, unlike the synoptic Gospels, the divinity of Christ as the divine Logos is emphasized. Various opinions have been expressed about the source and main origin of the theology of the Gospel of John. Some consider it to be influenced by extra-religious schools such as Greek philosophy, and some consider it to be derived from reliable Hebrew sources, especially the Old Testament. This article, by reviewing different opinions and using historical and theological evidence, has determined the source of this theology as much as possible. The results obtained show that the theology of the Fourth Gospel is influenced by the foundations of Middle Platonic philosophy and Gnostic teachings. Of course, the degree of this influence is not the same, and this Gospel is most influenced by the mystical and Gnostic schools.

Polygamy has been one of the rules of Islam and a common tradition among Muslims; this rule has been challenged by some Muslims, and it is one pretext with which the opposition attacks Islam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy and to examine the reasons for and against it in an analytical and deductive manner.Findings: The reasons for permission for polygamy arethe Holy Quran, Sunna, manners of Muslims. The reasons for opponents are incompatibility with human nature, non-observance of justice by men, being unjust and masculine rule, a factor for men's voluptuousness, and the tradition of Prophet and Imam Ali when Hazrat Khadija and Fatima were alive. If we consider the rulings as subject to interests and corruption, the ruling on polygamy can be considered a function of time.It is permissible if its expedience is more than its corruption. If moral laws of Islam are implemented, the individual interests of polygamy are as follows: meeting the needs of women, personality development, upbreeding the orphans, the existence of male and female behavior models for orphans, maintaining the nobility of women and engaging men in a special commitment. If the moral laws of Islam are not observed, some of the evils of polygamy include inciting jealousy among women and enmity among children, as well as the prevalence of lust in men.Conclusion: The rules in Shiite jurisprudence are subject to interests and corruptions, and polygamy requires moral education in the society.