درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of rumination on both cognitive and sports performance, with sleep quality serving as a mediating factor.Methods: The research was practical in purpose and employed a structural equation correlation design, conducted in a field setting. The statistical population consisted of all student athletes who participated in the table tennis tournaments in Khorasan in 2022, totaling 97 individuals. Sampling was performed using a census method, with 80 participants consenting to engage in the study. Data were collected using the rumination questionnaires developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991), a sports performance scale by Charbonneau et al. (2001), a cognitive performance assessment by Folstein et al. (1975), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1989). For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis modeling were utilized. Results: The findings indicated that rumination has a direct influence on both cognitive and sports performance (P=0.01). Furthermore, rumination significantly affects these performances indirectly through the mediation of sleep quality (P=0.01) among student athletes. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, rumination is correlated with cognitive and sports performance both directly and indirectly via sleep quality. It is recommended to engage a sports psychologist to conduct educational workshops on rumination management and to monitor and regulate the sleep patterns of student athletes.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Paradox Timetable Cure (PTC), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix (ACTM), and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on differentiation and emotional self-regulation in women experiencing marital conflicts. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. The study sample consisted of 60 women with marital conflicts, selected through purposive sampling from an initial group of 154. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups: PTC, MACT, EFT, and a control group, each containing 15 members. The intervention included ten 90-minute sessions for each therapy group, while the control group received no treatment. Data were collected using the Differentiation of Self Inventory and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for data analysis. Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in differentiation and emotional self-regulation across all three therapeutic approaches compared to the control group. ACTM and EFT were found to be slightly more effective than PTC in enhancing differentiation and emotional self-regulation (MACT and EFT p = .000, PTC p = .004 in differentiation; ACTM and EFT p = .000, PTC p = .001 in emotional self-regulation). Conclusion: All three therapeutic approaches—PTC, MACT, and EFT—were effective in improving differentiation and emotional self-regulation in women with marital conflicts. However, ACTM and EFT demonstrated marginally higher effectiveness compared to PTC. These findings suggest the utility of these therapies in clinical settings for addressing marital conflicts.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Couples Coping Enhancement Training (CCET) on resilience and marital conflicts in couples during the transition to parenthood. Methods: This quasi-experimental research employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The population consisted of couples attending counseling centers in Shiraz in 2022, from whom 12 couples were selected using a volunteer-available sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (6 couples with training) or the control group (6 couples without training). The CCET training sessions for the experimental group were conducted over nine weekly two-hour sessions. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and the Sanaei Zaker and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008). The data were analysed with analysis of variance with repeated measurements method using SPSS-25 software. Findings: Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS26. The findings indicated that CCET significantly enhanced resilience and reduced marital conflicts in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. Furthermore, the non-significant difference between post-test and follow-up scores in the experimental group suggests the lasting impact of CCET on resilience and marital conflicts in couples during the transition to parenthood. Conclusion: Therefore, CCET can be utilized to increase resilience among couples and aid in reducing marital conflicts post-childbirth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on dysfunctions in women suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Method: This quasi-experimental research used a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The population consisted of female dentistry students at the Islamic Azad University diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder in 2022. A sample of 30 women was selected through convenience sampling. The experimental group received metacognitive training over 12 sessions lasting 60 minutes each week, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data were collected using the Weisman and Beck Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (1987) and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA through SPSS software. Findings: Results indicated that metacognitive therapy was effective in reducing dysfunctions. The eta-squared statistic also suggested that approximately 24.3% of the reduction in dysfunctions was attributable to the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy. Conclusions: Metacognitive therapy can be deemed effective in treating dysfunctions in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and can be used to alleviate psychological problems in these patients.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) group exercises and Emotion-Focused Group Therapy (EFGT) on the authentic happiness of critically ill inpatients and those recovered from COVID-19. Methods: The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with three groups (one control group and two experimental groups), conducted in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up). The study population included all critically ill patients hospitalized and then recovered from COVID-19 during the second quarter of 2021 at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. A sample size of 15 patients per group, totaling 45 patients, was considered. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups using a convenience sampling method. The training group (1) received eight 45-minute sessions of Emotion-Focused Group Therapy by Greenberg, Warwar, and Malcolm (2008), and training group (2) underwent eight 120-minute sessions of MBSR by Kabat-Zinn (2005), while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were collected using Rashid's (2008) Authentic Happiness Inventory and analyzed using mixed ANOVA with repeated measures through SPSS-23 software. Findings: Results indicated that although both treatments had an effect on authentic happiness and its components up to the follow-up stage (p < 0.01), no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two treatments on authentic happiness in patients was observed. Conclusion: This research could broadly benefit the psychological state improvement in critically ill inpatients and those recovering from acute or chronic illnesses.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused couples therapy on psychological well-being and distress tolerance. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up phase. The population consisted of all couples attending counseling centers in Tehran during the last two months of the year 2021. A sample of 30 couples was selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 couples) and a control group (15 couples). The research instruments included the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (1988) and the Simons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005). The experimental group received eight sessions of McDonald's (2007) solution-focused training in a group setting, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS software version 21. Findings: The results showed that solution-focused couples therapy had a significant effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being (F = 15.78, p = .001) and distress tolerance (F = 12.00, p = .001); these effects were maintained during the follow-up phase (p < .001). Conclusion: Given the results, therapists can employ solution-focused couples therapy to enhance psychological well-being and distress tolerance among couples, which significantly affects the stability and strength of families.