درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: Family dynamics play a significant role in establishing emotional relationships among its members and fostering psychological well-being, which extends to individual and collective members' peace of mind. This study aimed to investigate the impact of parenting styles and sexual education styles of parents, with anxiety as a mediating variable, on the sexual performance of married women. Method: The study population consisted of married women who presented with sexual dysfunction at psychiatric and women's clinics in Tehran. Since the minimum number of samples in structural equation modeling is 200 individuals, 200 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included Baumrind's Parenting Styles Scale (1972), Parental Sexual Education Styles Scale (2010), Beck Anxiety Scale (1990), and Rosen et al.'s Sexual Performance Scale (2000). Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the present study showed that anxiety does not have a mediating effect on the effect of parents' strict sexual education style on the sexual performance of married women, but it has a complete mediating effect on the sexual performance of married women in the authoritative sexual education style of parents. Also, anxiety has a partial mediating effect on the impact of parents' authoritarian parenting style on married women's sexual performance, and it does not have a mediating effect on the parents' authoritarian parenting style on married women's sexual performance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that the sexual performance of married women is significantly influenced by the styles of parenting and sexual education they received, with anxiety playing varied mediating roles. An authoritative approach to sexual education, coupled with parenting styles that manage to reduce anxiety, tends to enhance sexual performance in women.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety during the epidemic. Methods: This research utilized a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test design, including a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised individuals with coronavirus anxiety who contacted counseling centers in Isfahan for telephone consultations during the summer of 2021. From this population, 33 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received mindfulness-based psychotherapy (8 sessions) based on Kabat-Zinn's protocol (2003) over two months. The questionnaires used in this study included the Functional Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), the Health Hardiness Questionnaire (Gibbhardt, VanderDerf, & Powell, 2001), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 2019). Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness-based psychotherapy significantly impacted functional flexibility (P<0.0001; Eta=0.62; F=52.32) and health hardiness (P<0.0001; Eta=0.65; F=55.09) in patients with coronavirus anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, utilizing techniques such as mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problematic emotions, and breathing exercises, can be effectively used to improve functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based group therapy on hope and happiness in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: The research was applied and experimental in nature. The design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The population consisted of all women diagnosed with breast cancer in Borujerd city, from which 30 participants were selected through non-random convenient sampling using Snyder's Hope Scale (1991) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1990) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group receiving acceptance and commitment therapy (each group consisting of 15 members) and the control group. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, as described by Hayes et al. (2006), once a week, while the control group received no intervention. After the training period, the questionnaires were administered again in both groups at the post-test stage. Data analysis in this study was performed using analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that acceptance and commitment-based group therapy significantly improved hope (F = 62.66, p = 0.001) and happiness (F = 43.81, p = 0.001) in women with breast cancer. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment-based group therapy enhances hope and happiness in women with breast cancer; therefore, it can be used as an effective intervention method to foster and increase hope and happiness in these women.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of stress inoculation training on emotional regulation, Childbirth Self-Efficacy and natural childbirth anxiety in pregnant women. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test and a control group. The sample was selected using convenience random sampling, and 45 pregnant women experiencing natural childbirth anxiety were recruited from healthcare centers. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups received stress inoculation training, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instrument included the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) (Wijma et al., 1998), which was administered during the pre-test and post-test phases across all three groups. Findings: The results indicated that stress inoculation training had a significant effect on reducing natural childbirth anxiety and increasing positive emotional regulation and childbirth self-efficacy, while negative emotional regulation decreased among women in the experimental groups. Conclusion: Stress inoculation training can be utilized as an effective approach to reducing anxiety and improving emotional regulation and self-efficacy in pregnant women with natural childbirth anxiety, thereby promoting mental health and facilitating a more positive childbirth experience.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict marital burnout in individuals married for 5 to 10 years based on attachment styles, with the mediating roles of marital self-regulation and marital intimacy. Methods and Materials: This study was analytical-correlational in nature, employing path analysis. The sample consisted of 384 married individuals (164 men and 220 women) who were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were aged between 25 and 45, with a marriage duration of 5 to 10 years. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Marital Burnout Scale (Kayser, 1996), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the Behavioral Self-Regulation for Effective Relationships Scale (Wilson et al., 2005), and the Intimacy Scale (Walker & Thompson, 1983). SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine direct and indirect effects. Findings: The results indicated that marital self-regulation and intimacy mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles positively predicted marital burnout, while secure attachment negatively predicted it. Additionally, self-regulation and intimacy were significant mediators, with higher levels of self-regulation and intimacy associated with lower marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles negatively influenced self-regulation and intimacy, which in turn increased marital burnout. Conclusion: The study concluded that attachment styles significantly impact marital burnout, with self-regulation and intimacy playing crucial mediating roles. Individuals with insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) are more prone to marital burnout, whereas secure attachment leads to lower burnout. Interventions aimed at improving self-regulation and intimacy in couples may help mitigate the effects of insecure attachment styles on marital burnout.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes towards childbearing among working women without children in Golpayegan city. Methods:  This study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The study population was childless working women in Golpayegan city with public and private jobs in 2022 -23. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Strauss & Corbin’s three-stage method. Results: Findings revealed that 87 primary codes were obtained based on the analysis of the interviews through open coding. After axial coding, 24 themes were extracted, which were summarized in the following 11 central categories after selective coding: reluctance to childbearing, marital problems, economic problems, lack of public and social facilities, organizational and occupational problems, personal problems, cultural and environmental barriers, nuclear family system, replacement, suppression, and being used to a childless life. Conclusion: According to the current research findings, women’s attitude towards childbearing is influenced by many intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Therefore, to strengthen the attitude towards childbearing among working women, paying attention to all these factors in educational and support programs is necessary.

Objective: Musculoskeletal diseases are among the most common and costly illnesses across all age groups and various communities, leading to disability, incapacity, early retirement, and job loss. The present study aimed to develop a structural model of quality of life based on resilience with the mediation of perceived stress in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The research method was descriptive-survey with a structural equation modeling design. The statistical population included women with rheumatoid arthritis in the city of Isfahan. The women with rheumatoid arthritis referred to medical centers in Isfahan had at least one year of disease history. Data were collected using the Varni-Kazisnki and Keller Quality of Life Questionnaire (1996), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (1993), Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein’s Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), and the Gratz and Roemer Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (2004). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Amos26 software. Findings: The results showed that the direct effect of resilience on the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significant (β = 0.25; P < 0.01). The indirect effect of resilience through the mediation of perceived stress on the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significant (β = 0.16; P < 0.01). Additionally, the total effect of resilience through the mediation of perceived stress on quality of life was significant (β = 0.41; P < 0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the structural model of quality of life based on resilience with the mediation of perceived stress was well-fitted, and perceived stress played a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life and resilience in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Luthans psychological capital intervention model on the resilience and social adaptation of Turkmen divorced women. Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a control group, pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up. The population consisted of all Turkmen divorced women who had visited the Behravan counseling centers in Gonbad Kavous city in the first four months of the year 2019. Among them, 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received weekly group interventions in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. Both groups completed the Resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and Social Adaptation (Weissman & Paykel, 1974) questionnaires at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with repeated measures. Findings: The findings showed a significant difference between the two groups in resilience (F=8.79, p=0.006) and social adaptation (F=5.39, p=0.028) at the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that training in the psychological capital intervention model helps improve the quality of life of divorced women by enhancing resilience and social adaptation.

Objective: The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological flexibility and the meaning of life among single women aged 25 to 35 in Tehran. Methods: The method of the study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, including a control group and a follow-up phase. The population of this study consisted of single women aged 25 to 35 from Tehran, who had visited the community centers of District One during the second half of 2021. The sampling was purposive, and the study sample included a control group and an experimental group, each consisting of 20 randomly placed participants. The experimental group received 8 bi-weekly two-hour sessions in a group setting, following the protocol of Bannink (2014). Instruments used in this study included the Bond Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (2011) and Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (2010). Data analysis was conducted in two phases: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. For inferential statistics, given the design of the study, parametric tests and the normality of data distribution were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and univariate analysis of covariance, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Findings: The findings indicated that positive cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increased psychological flexibility (F = 75.22, p = .001) and enhanced the meaning of life (F = 57.13, p = .001) among the participants, and these effects were maintained during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy can be an effective method for improving psychological flexibility and meaning in life among single women and can be utilized by therapists and clients.