درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction and Objective: Loneliness, a subjective feeling of social isolation and disconnection, has emerged as a significant public health concern with wide-ranging implications. This review aims to comprehensively examine loneliness as a public health issue, exploring its associated health risks, underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions. Research Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies investigating the health implications of loneliness, its underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions were included. Findings: The review highlights a strong association between loneliness and increased mortality risk, comparable to that of smoking and obesity. Loneliness is also linked to a heightened risk of various physical and mental health problems, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression, and anxiety. The underlying mechanisms linking loneliness to poor health outcomes involve dysregulation of the stress response system, impaired immune function, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Interventions targeting social connection and support have shown promise in reducing loneliness and improving health outcomes. Discussion and Conclusion: Loneliness represents a significant public health challenge with serious consequences for individuals and society. Addressing loneliness requires a multi-faceted approach encompassing public awareness campaigns, community-based interventions, and healthcare provider training. Future research should focus on identifying effective interventions and tailoring them to diverse populations. It is imperative to recognize loneliness as a public health priority and implement comprehensive strategies to promote social connection and well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the fruit vendor's relationship with families and relatives. Methods:  I conducted this study using a quantitative research approach and employed random sampling to collect field data. Results: The study showed that married fruit vendors, compared to unmarried ones, were 2.77 times more likely to have relations with family members (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = .086–.887). In addition, fruit vendors whose spouses were illiterate had good relations with family members (OR = 4.95, 95% CI, 1.26–19.39). However, fruit vendors who lived in a pacca house (OR =.208, 95% CI =.053–.819), had a monthly income of BDT ≤20,000 (OR =.261, 95% CI =.088–.778), and had no savings (OR = 8.61, 95% CI = 1.85–40.07), were likely to maintain family relations. In the case of relations with relatives, the owner of the house (OR =.147, 95% CI =.049–.440), the local fruit seller (OR = 8.26, 95% CI = 1.11-61.16), having a monthly income of BDT≤20,000 (OR = 7.96, 95% CI = 1.52-41.57), and having no savings (OR =.269, 95% CI =.079–.922) influenced it. Conclusion: GO-NGO concerns can be useful for fruit vendors, particularly those who are more vulnerable to family issues.

Objective: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, chronic, and progressive disease that has become a crucial public health problem worldwide. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify risk and protective factors to prevent obesity and treat obesity. This study aims to identify the risk and protective factors of obesity in women. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational. The research sample consisted of 429 overweight and obese women, selected through voluntary sampling. To collect data, a physical activity questionnaire, core beliefs of eating questionnaire, self-criticism questionnaire, shame and guilt scale, self-esteem scale, body image concern questionnaire, stress-anxiety-depression questionnaire, and weight self-efficacy questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed using stepwise regression using SPSS 24. Results: The findings showed that among obesity risk factors (core beliefs of eating, self-criticism, shame and guilt, concern about body image, stress-anxiety-depression), the core beliefs of eating, stress, and depression can predict obesity. Also, the research results showed that among obesity protective factors (weight self-efficacy, self-esteem, and physical activity), weight self-efficacy can predict obesity improvement more than other variables. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, we can say that the variables of core beliefs about eating, stress, and depression as risk factors and the variable of self-efficacy as a protective factor can predict body mass index.

Cognitive flexibility is critical for psychiatric nurses facing high-stress environments, yet effective interventions to enhance this skill are underexplored. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility among psychiatric nurses. Sixty-two nurses from Razi and Saraye Ehsan psychiatric centers in Tehran were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 31 each). The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute group-based ACT sessions, adapted from Mohagheghi et al. (2015), incorporating interactive exercises, mindfulness practices, and homework to foster psychological flexibility. The control group received no intervention. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) at pretest and post test. Paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were employed to analyze within-group and between-group differences, controlling for pretest scores. The experimental group showed a significant increase in CFI scores (M_diff = 17.14, SD = 5.27; t(30) = 18.12, p < .001). ANCOVA revealed a significant group effect (F(1, 60) = 19.63, p < .001, η² = 0.71), with 71% of post test score variance attributed to the intervention. No significant demographic differences were found between groups. The findings suggest that ACT is an effective intervention for enhancing cognitive flexibility among psychiatric nurses, potentially improving their ability to cope with workplace stress. However, the small sample size and lack of long-term follow-up limit generalizability. Future research should explore ACT’s sustained effects and applicability across diverse healthcare settings.

The present study aimed to predict guilt based on social anxiety and social-emotional loneliness in working women seeking divorce. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all working women seeking divorce in Tehran in 2024. 200 people were selected through purposive sampling from the family counseling centers of the judiciary. The research tools included the Guilt Inventory by Kugler and Jones (1992); the Social Phobia Inventory by Connor et al. (2000) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell (1996). The research data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis and SPSS-22 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social anxiety and loneliness with guilt at the 0.01 level. Social anxiety (P=0.009, β=0.183) positively and at a significance level of 0.01 predicted guilt, and loneliness (P=0.005, β=0.197) positively and at a significance level of 0.01 predicted guilt. In general, the results showed that guilt feelings are predicted based on social anxiety and social-emotional loneliness in working women seeking divorce.  

  Objective: The present study aimed to propose Life-Based Therapy as a novel approach within the fields of positive psychology and psychotherapy. Life-Based Therapy, also known as Life Therapy, is a therapeutic method that addresses core issues related to one's Life. It emphasizes a deeper understanding of existence, passion for life, hope for the future, and overall longevity. The goal is to enhance well-being, effectiveness, and personal value by focusing on key life elements such as motivation, interest, desire, tension, fulfillment, attachment, love, passion, and well-being. Methods: This study employed a descriptive and exploratory research design. The statistical population consisted of theories, techniques, studies, and research conducted in the fields of psychotherapy and counseling. Life-Based Therapy was formulated and refined based on the author's extensive professional, academic, and consultative experience, incorporating relevant theories and existing research within the domain. Findings: Life Therapy provides a framework for understanding the complexities and challenges of life. It encourages individuals to view each moment as an opportunity for existence, growth, and self-realization. By forming a comprehensive picture of a client's life and its multiple domains, the therapist can help the client avoid inefficiencies and wasted time. The therapy supports individuals in defining various areas of life and actively working toward meaningful goals in each of those areas. Conclusion: Life-Based Therapy offers an innovative and structured approach to psychotherapy, focused on enhancing awareness and consciousness of life. It empowers individuals to adapt to life's challenges in a constructive and efficient manner. This method promotes purposeful living and aligns therapeutic intervention with the broader aim of achieving balance, passion, and fulfillment in all aspects of life.